[en] The seemingly simple step of molding a cholesteric liquid crystal into spherical shape, yielding a Cholesteric Spherical Reflector (CSR), has profound optical consequences that open a range of opportunities for potentially transformative technologies. The chiral Bragg diffraction resulting from the helical self-assembly of cholesterics becomes omnidirectional in CSRs. This turns them into selective retroreflectors that are exceptionally easy to distinguish— regardless of background—by simple and low-cost machine vision, while at the same time they can be made largely imperceptible to human vision. This allows them to be distributed in human-populated environments, laid out in the form of QR-code-like markers that help robots and Augmented Reality (AR) devices to operate reliably, and to identify items in their surroundings. At the scale of individual CSRs, unpredictable features within each marker turn them into Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), of great value for secure authentication. Via the machines reading them, CSR markers can thus act as trustworthy yet unobtrusive links between the physical world (buildings, vehicles, packaging,...) and its digital twin computer representation. This opens opportunities to address pressing challenges in logistics and supply chain management, recycling and the circular economy, sustainable construction of the built environment, and many other fields of individual, societal and commercial importance.
Disciplines :
Physique
Auteur, co-auteur :
AGHA, Hakam ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Physics and Materials Science (DPHYMS)
GENG, Yong ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Physics and Materials Science (DPHYMS)
MA, Xu ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medecine (FSTM)
AVSAR, Deniz Isinsu ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Physics and Materials Science (DPHYMS)
KIZHAKIDATHAZHATH, Rijeesh ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Physics and Materials Science (DPHYMS)
ZHANG, Yansong ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Physics and Materials Science (DPHYMS)
TOURANI, Ali ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > Automation
BAVLE, Hriday ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > Automation
SANCHEZ LOPEZ, Jose Luis ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > Automation
VOOS, Holger ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > Automation
schwartz, Mathew; New Jersey Institute of Technology
LAGERWALL, Jan ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Physics and Materials Science (DPHYMS)
Co-auteurs externes :
yes
Langue du document :
Anglais
Titre :
Unclonable human-invisible machine vision markers leveraging the omnidirectional chiral Bragg diffraction of cholesteric spherical reflectors
Date de publication/diffusion :
25 octobre 2022
Titre du périodique :
Light: Science and Applications
eISSN :
2047-7538
Maison d'édition :
Nature Publishing Group, Royaume-Uni
Volume/Tome :
11
Fascicule/Saison :
309
Pagination :
10.1038/s41377-022-01002-4
Peer reviewed :
Peer reviewed vérifié par ORBi
Focus Area :
Physics and Materials Science
Projet FnR :
FNR14771094 - Eye-undetectable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Spheres Realized By Phase Separation And Electrospray, 2020 (01/09/2021-31/08/2024) - Jan Peter Felix Lagerwall
Intitulé du projet de recherche :
TRANSCEND
Organisme subsidiant :
FNR - Fonds National de la Recherche Office of Naval Research Global - ONRG Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Luxembourg CE - Commission Européenne
Wall, S. The Fusion Of Physical And Digital Worlds Will Improve Experiences And Inspire New Technology, Forbes (Feb, 2017). https://www.forbes.com/sites/hp/2017/02/15/the-fusion-of-physical-and-digital-worlds-will-improve-experiences-and-inspire-new-technology/. [Online; accessed 13.04.2022].
Millions of things will soon have digital twins, The Economist, (July, 2017). https://www.economist.com/business/2017/07/13/millions-of-things-will-soon-have-digital-twins. [Online; accessed 13.04.2022].
Ang, C. Goodbye digital age, hello fusion era, The Business Times (Oct, 2021). https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/opinion/goodbye-digital-age-hello-fusion-era. [Online; accessed 13.04.2022].
Companies want to build a virtual realm to copy the real world, The Economist (Nov. 2021). https://www.economist.com/business/2021/11/13/companies-want-to-build-a-virtual-realm-to-copy-the-real-world. [Online; accessed 13.04.2022].
Kumar, R., Khan, F., Kadry, S. & Rho, S. A survey on blockchain for industrial internet of things. Alex. Eng. J. 61, 6001–6022 (2022).
Gupta, H., Kumar, A. & Wasan, P. Industry 4.0, cleaner production and circular economy: An integrative framework for evaluating ethical and sustainable business performance of manufacturing organizations. J. Clean. Prod. 295, 126253 (2021).
Wang, B., Zhou, H., Yang, G., Li, X. & Yang, H. Human digital twin (HDT) driven human-cyber-physical systems: Key technologies and applications. Chin. J. Mech. Eng. 35, 1–6 (2022).
Agrawal, A., Fischer, M. & Singh, V. Digital twin: From concept to practice. J. Manag. Eng. 38, 06022001 (2022).
Uhlemann, T. H.-J., Lehmann, C. & Steinhilper, R. The digital twin: Realizing the cyber-physical production system for industry 4.0. Procedia CIRP 61, 335–340 (2017).
Alam, K. M. & El Saddik, A. C2PS: A digital twin architecture reference model for the cloud-based cyber-physical systems. IEEE Access 5, 2050–2062 (2017).
Newcombe, R. A. et al. Kinectfusion: Real-time dense surface mapping and tracking, 10th IEEE international symposium on mixed and augmented reality (IEEE, 2011), 127–136 https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2011.6092378 (2011).
Kuutti, S. et al. A survey of the state-of-the-art localization techniques and their potentials for autonomous vehicle applications. IEEE Internet Things J. 5, 829–846 (2018).
Cipresso, P., Giglioli, I., Raya, M. & Riva, G. The past, present, and future of virtual and augmented reality research: A network and cluster analysis of the literature. Front. Psychol. 9, 2086 (2018).
Flavián, C., Ibáñez-Sánchez, S. & Orús, C. The impact of virtual, augmented and mixed reality technologies on the customer experience. J. Bus. Res. 100, 547–560 (2019).
Bongomin, O., Gilibrays Ocen, G., Oyondi Nganyi, E., Musinguzi, A. & Omara, T. Exponential disruptive technologies and the required skills of industry 4.0. J. Eng. 2020, 1–17 (2020).
Xiong, J., Hsiang, E., He, Z., Zhan, T. & Wu, S. Augmented reality and virtual reality displays: emerging technologies and future perspectives. Light Sci. Appl. 10, 216 (2021).
Madni, A., Madni, C. & Lucero, S. Leveraging digital twin technology in model-based systems engineering. Systems 7, 7 (2019).
Borgia, E. The internet of things vision: Key features, applications and open issues. Comput. Commun. 54, 1–31 (2014).
van Züpfen, T. When decency meets temptation. T-Systems Cust. Mag. 3 (2018).
Kazakov, V. V. et al. Personal digital twins and their socio-morphic networks: Current research trends and possibilities of the approach, CEUR Workshop Proceedings (IEEE) 2569, 29–34 (2020).
de Kerckhove, D. The personal digital twin, ethical considerations. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 379, 20200367 (2021).
Al-Breiki, H., Rehman, M. H. U., Salah, K. & Svetinovic, D. Trustworthy blockchain oracles: Review, comparison, and open research challenges. IEEE Access 8, 85675–85685 (2020).
OECD &; European, U. I. P. O. Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods: Value, Scope and Trends (OECD, 2019).
Global Trade in Fakes: a worrying threat, OECD/EUIPO (June 2021). https://doi.org/10.1787/74c81154-en. [Online; accessed 13.04.2022].
Schotte, T. & Abdalla, M. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the serious and organised crime landscape. Eur. Law Enforc. Res. Bull. SCE5, 19–22 (2021).
Honic, M., Kovacic, I. & Rechberger, H. Concept for a BIM-based material passport for buildings. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 225, 012073 (2019).
SAP. A Circular Economy Means Track and Trace Transparency, Wired UK (March, 2022). https://www.wired.co.uk/bc/article/circular-economy-track-trace-transparency. [Online; accessed 13.04.2022]
Schwartz, M. et al. Linking physical objects to their digital twins via fiducial markers designed for invisibility to humans. Multifunct. Mater. 4, 022002 (2021).
Geng, Y., Kizhakidathazhath, R. & Lagerwall, J. P. F. Encoding hidden information onto surfaces using polymerized cholesteric spherical reflectors. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31, 2100399 (2021).
Humar, M. & Musevic, I. 3D microlasers from self-assembled cholesteric liquid-crystal microdroplets. Opt. Express 18, 26995–27003 (2010).
Uchida, Y., Takanishi, Y. & Yamamoto, J. Controlled fabrication and photonic structure of cholesteric liquid crystalline shells. Adv. Mater. 25, 3234–3237 (2013).
Noh, J., Liang, H.-L., Drevensek-Olenik, I. & Lagerwall, J. P. F. Tuneable multicoloured patterns from photonic cross communication between cholesteric liquid crystal droplets. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2, 806–810 (2014).
Fan, J. et al. Light-directing omnidirectional circularly polarized reflection from liquid-crystal droplets. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 2160–2164 (2015).
Humar, M. Liquid-crystal-droplet optical microcavities. Liq. Cryst. 43, 1937–1950 (2016).
Geng, Y. et al. High-fidelity spherical cholesteric liquid crystal bragg reflectors generating unclonable patterns for secure authentication. Sci. Rep. 6, 26840 (2016).
Urbanski, M. et al. Liquid crystals in micron-scale droplets, shells and fibers. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 29, 133003 (2017).
Geng, Y., Noh, J., Drevensek-olenik, I., Rupp, R. & Lagerwall, J. P. F. Elucidating the fine details of cholesteric liquid crystal shell reflection patterns. Liq. Cryst. 44, 1948–1959 (2017).
Schwartz, M. et al. Cholesteric liquid crystal shells as enabling material for information-rich design and architecture. Adv. Mater. 30, 1707382 (2018).
Geng, Y. et al. Through the spherical looking-glass: Asymmetry enables multicolored internal reflection in cholesteric liquid crystal shells. Adv. Opt. Mater. 6, 1700923 (2018).
Chen, H., Wang, X., Bisoyi, H., Chen, L. & Li, Q. Liquid crystals in curved confined geometries: Microfluidics bring new capabilities for photonic applications and beyond. Langmuir 37, 3789–3807 (2021).
Arenas, M. P., Demirci, H. & Lenzini, G. An analysis of cholesteric spherical reflector identifiers for object authenticity verification. Mach. Learn. Knowl. Extr. 4, 222–239 (2022).
Lenzini G. et al. Security in the Shell: An Optical Physical Unclonable Function made of Shells of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals, 2017 IEEE Workshop on Information Forensics and Security (WIFS) 10.1109/WIFS.2017.8267644 (2017).
Kalaitzakis, M. et al. Fiducial markers for pose estimation. J. Intell. & Robotic Syst. 101 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-020-01307-9 (2021).
Wang, X., Kim, M. J., Love, P. E. & Kang, S.-C. Augmented reality in built environment: Classification and implications for future research. Autom. Constr. 32, 1–13 (2013).
Ellsworth-Krebs, K., Rampen, C., Rogers, E., Dudley, L. & Wishart, L. Circular economy infrastructure: Why we need track and trace for reusable packaging. Sustain. Prod. Consum. 29, 249–258 (2022).
Qin, L. et al. Geminate labels programmed by two-tone microdroplets combining structural and fluorescent color. Nat. Commun. 12, 1–9 (2021).
Schütz, C. et al. From equilibrium liquid crystal formation and kinetic arrest to photonic bandgap films using suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals. Crystals 10, 199 (2020).
Kitzerow, H. & Bahr, C. Chirality in Liquid Crystals (Partially Ordered Systems) (Springer, 2000).
Kleman, M. & Lavrentovich, O. D. Soft Matter Physics: An Introduction (Springer, 2002).
Sluckin, T. J., Dunmur, D. A. & Stegemeyer, H. Crystals that flow: Classic papers from the history of liquid crystals (Taylor and Francis, London, 2004).
Oseen, C. W. The theory of liquid crystals. Trans. Faraday Soc. 29, 883 (1933).
Mitov, M. Cholesteric liquid crystals with a broad light reflection band. Adv. Mater. 24, 6260–6276 (2012).
Wilts, B. D., Dumanli, A. G., Middleton, R., Vukusic, P. & Vignolini, S. Chiral optics of helicoidal cellulose nanocrystal films. APL Photonics 2, 040801 (2017).
Kolle, M. et al. Bio-inspired band-gap tunable elastic optical multilayer fibers. Adv. Mater. 25, 2239–2245 (2013).
Stefik, M., Guldin, S., Vignolini, S., Wiesner, U. & Steiner, U. Block copolymer self-assembly for nanophotonics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 5076–5091 (2015).
Yang, Y. et al. Responsive block copolymer photonic microspheres. Adv. Mater. 30, 1707344 (2018).
Kim, J. H. et al. Microfluidic production of mechanochromic photonic fibers containing nonclose-packed colloidal arrays. Small Sci. 1, 2000058 (2021).
Asshoff, S. et al. Superstructures of chiral nematic microspheres as all-optical switchable distributors of light. Sci. Rep. 5, 14183 (2015).
Beltran-Gracia, E. & Parri, O. L. A new twist on cholesteric films by using reactive mesogen particles. J. Mater. Chem. C. 3, 11335–11340 (2015).
Kim, J.-G. & Park, S.-Y. Photonic spring-like shell templated from cholesteric liquid crystal prepared by microfluidics. Adv. Opt. Mater. 5, 1700243 (2017).
Taylor, J. Stimuli-responsive liquid crystal elastomer microparticles. Ph.D. thesis, Lancaster University https://doi.org/10.17635/lancaster/thesis/764 (2019).
Belmonte, A., Bus, T., Broer, D. & Schenning, A. Patterned full-color reflective coatings based on photonic cholesteric liquid-crystalline particles. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11, 14376–14382 (2019).
Myung, D. & Park, S. Optical properties and applications of photonic shells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11, 20350–20359 (2019).
Belmonte, A., Pilz Da Cunha, M., Nickmans, K. & Schenning, A. P. H. J. Brush-paintable, temperature and light responsive triple shape-memory photonic coatings based on micrometer-sized cholesteric liquid crystal polymer particles. Adv. Opt. Mater. 8, 2000054 (2020).
Zhang, Y.-S. et al. Micro-lifting jack: Heat- and light-fueled 3D symmetric deformation of bragg-onion-like beads with fully polymerized chiral networks. Adv. Opt. Mater. 9, 2100667 (2021).
Lee, S. et al. Robust microfluidic encapsulation of cholesteric liquid crystals toward photonic ink capsules. Adv. Mater. 27, 627–633 (2015).
Lee, S., Kim, S., Won, J., Kim, Y. & Kim, S. Reconfigurable photonic capsules containing cholesteric liquid crystals with planar alignment. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 15266–15270 (2015).
Lee, S., Kim, J., Kim, Y. & Kim, S. Wavelength-tunable and shape-reconfigurable photonic capsule resonators containing cholesteric liquid crystals. Sci. Adv. 4, eaat8276 (2018).
Kim, J.-W., Oh, Y., Lee, S. & Kim, S.-H. Thermochromic microcapsules containing chiral mesogens enclosed by hydrogel shell for colorimetric temperature reporters. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2107275 (2021).
Yang, T. et al. Thermochromic cholesteric liquid crystal microcapsules with cellulose nanocrystals and a melamine resin hybrid shell. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14, 4588–4597 (2022).
Kurik, M. & Lavrentovich, O. Negative-positive monopole transitions in cholesteric liquid-crystals. JETP Lett. 35, 444–447 (1982).
Bouligand, Y. & Livolant, F. The organization of cholesteric spherulites. J. Phys. (Paris) 45, 1899–1923 (1984).
Bezic, J. & Zumer, S. Structures of the cholesteric liquid crystal droplets with parallel surface anchoring. Liq. Cryst. 11, 593–619 (1992).
Xu, F. & Crooker, P. Chiral nematic droplets with parallel surface anchoring. Phys. Rev. E 56, 6853–6860 (1997).
Sec, D., Porenta, T., Ravnik, M. & Zumer, S. Geometrical frustration of chiral ordering in cholesteric droplets. Soft Matter 8, 11982–11988 (2012).
Li, Y. et al. Periodic assembly of nanoparticle arrays in disclinations of cholesteric liquid crystals. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, 2137–2142 (2017).
Lopez-Leon, T. & Fernandez-Nieves, A. Drops and shells of liquid crystal. Colloid Polym. Sci. 289, 345–359 (2011).
Robinson, C., Ward, J. & Beevers, R. Liquid crystalline structure in polypeptide solutions. Part 2. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 25, 29–42 (1958).
Darmon, A. et al. Waltzing route toward double-helix formation in cholesteric shells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113, 9469–9474 (2016).
Lopez-Leon, T., Koning, V., Devaiah, K. B. S., Vitelli, V. & Fernandez-Nieves, A. Frustrated nematic order in spherical geometries. Nat. Phys. 7, 391–394 (2011).
John, W. S., Fritz, W., Lu, Z. & Yang, D.-K. Bragg reflection from cholesteric liquid crystals. Phys. Rev. E 51, 1191 (1995).
Takezoe, H., Ouchi, Y., Hara, M., Fukuda, A. & Kuze, E. Experimental studies on reflection spectra in monodomain cholesteric liquid crystal cells: total reflection, subsidiary oscillation and its beat or sweel structure. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 22, 1080–1091 (1983).
De Vries, H. Rotary power and other optical properties of certain liquid crystals. Acta Cryst. 4, 219–226 (1951).
Sharma, V., Crne, M., Park, J. O. & Srinivasarao, M. Structural origin of circularly polarized iridescence in jeweled beetles. Science 325, 449–451 (2009).
Mitov, M. Cholesteric liquid crystals in living matter. Soft Matter 13, 4176–4209 (2017).
Garrido-Jurado, S., Muñoz-Salinas, R., Madrid-Cuevas, F. & Marín-Jiménez, M. Automatic generation and detection of highly reliable fiducial markers under occlusion. Pattern Recognit. 47, 2280–2292 (2014).
Munoz-Salinas, R. & Medina-Carnicer, R. Ucoslam: Simultaneous localization and mapping by fusion of keypoints and squared planar markers. Pattern Recognit. 101, 107193 (2020).
Hermann, J. Ultimate Light Bulb Test: Incandescent vs. Compact Fluorescent vs. LED. https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/reviews/g164/incandescent-vs-compact-fluorescent-vs-led-ultimate-light-bulb-test/ (2011). [Online; accessed 9-April-2022].
Rohde, R. A. Spectrum of Solar Radiation (Earth). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight#/media/File:Solar_spectrum_en.svg (2013). [Online; accessed 9-April-2022].
Castelvecchi, D. Is facial recognition too biased to be let loose. Nature 587, 347 (2020).
Global Construction Outlook to 2023-Q4 2019 Update. https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4846343/global-construction-outlook-to-2023-q3-2019. [Online; accessed 25.01.2021].
Odenbreit, C. Yang, J. & Romero, A. A Reusable Structural System Fit for Geometrical Standardisation and Serial Production, ce/papers 5, 11–20 (2022).
