Dyslexia; EEG; Fast periodic visual word recognition; Irregular words; Lexical frequency; Visual word recognition; Experimental and Cognitive Psychology; Cognitive Neuroscience; Behavioral Neuroscience
Abstract :
[en] We used Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation with EEG recordings to assess the sensitivity of adults with dyslexia to fine-grained psycholinguistic variations of letter strings: lexicality and orthographic regularity. Dyslexic and non-dyslexic university students watched 60-s streams of stimuli presented at 10 Hz with deviant items (words) inserted periodically (1/8, at 1.25 Hz). While there was no overall difference in neural response between groups at the base stimulation frequency (10 Hz), individuals with dyslexia showed significantly reduced 1.25 Hz discrimination response for regular and irregular words among pseudowords (lexicality) over the left occipito-temporal cortex. Interestingly, while dyslexic individuals had significant weaker responses for irregular words than normal readers, they did not show any discrimination response for regular words within streams of pseudowords. However, they displayed responses to regularity changes within streams of words, that were not significantly below typical readers'. Overall, these observations suggest that lexical processes are not automatically triggered in dyslexia when a decoding strategy is enhanced by context (i.e., pseudowords) but may be at work when the overall activation of the lexicon is high (i.e., words). The results also show the diagnostic value of the FPVS-EEG approach to determine and characterize reading impairments rapidly, objectively and implicitly.
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
LOCHY, Aliette ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences (FHSE) > Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences (DBCS) > Cognitive Science and Assessment
Collette, Emilie; Université Catholique de Louvain, Psychological Science Institute (IPSY), Belgium
Rossion, Bruno; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000, Nancy, France, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, Nancy, France
SCHILTZ, Christine ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences (FHSE) > Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences (DBCS) > Cognitive Science and Assessment
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Impaired neural discrimination of regular words from pseudowords in dyslexic adults as revealed by fast periodic visual stimulation.
The project was partly funded by a Lorraine Universit\u00E9 d\u2019Excellence (LUE) grant to foster international collaborations between Universit\u00E9 de Lorraine and University of Luxembourg (UL_IRP 2022). The first author is supported by the Fonds National de la Recherche du Luxembourg (FNR-CORE C21/SC/16241557/READINGBRAIN).In the context of our FPVS-EEG oddball paradigm, we do not measure the neural response to regular/irregular words per se, but a differential response between base and oddball stimuli. Therefore, when words are presented in streams of pseudowords that recruit the dorsal orthography-to-phonology route, we expect that regular words will give rise to lower levels of contrast than irregular words in typical readers. Indeed, the former may be processed by both lexical and sublexical mechanisms (Coltheart et al., 2001), while the latter can be processed only by lexical mechanisms (or supported more strongly by semantics in PDP models), and should therefore be more distinct from PW. In DYS, the hypothesized phonological core deficit in this population (underspecified or less accessible representations, e.g., Boets et al., 2013; Ramus et al., 2003; Ramus and Szenkovits, 2008) could induce a different pattern of responses than typical readers. Indeed, their deficit is thought to affect the orthography-to-phonology conversion route so that these high functioning adults could have developed compensatory memory-based mechanisms, as described in adults with rudimentary literacy skills who display good performance in reading irregular words despite poor decoding skill (in English: Greenberg et al., 2002; in French: Kolinsky and Tossonian, 2023). In this case, dyslexic individuals could rely similarly on lexical processes for words, irrespective of their regularity, therefore showing similar responses to regular or irregular words.The project was partly funded by a Lorraine Universit\u00E9 d'Excellence grant (LUE/UL_IRP_2022/BIOMARKERS) to foster international collaboration between Universit\u00E9 de Lorraine and University of Luxembourg. The first author is supported by the Fonds National de la Recherche du Luxembourg (FNR-CORE C21/SC/16241557/READINGBRAIN).
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