At-risk groups in the labour market. A comprehensive overview of relevant theoretical and methodological literature, political measures, and existing data across Europe and national surveys and register data

The aim of this working paper is twofold: first, to explore the concept of vulnerability within the labour market based on a selection of prominent theories. Second, to highlight critical gaps in international and national data sources (Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, and Spain), that affect our ability to monitor the effects of employment policies targeting vulnerability in employment. The theoretical aspects and policies covered may indicate a narrow understanding of the complexities related to vulnerability in labour market attachment.