[en] Understanding the structure, antecedents, and outcomes of students' emotions has become a topic of major interest in research on mathematics education. Much of this work is based on the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Mathematics (AEQ-M), a self-report instrument assessing students' mathematics-related emotions. The AEQ-M measures seven emotions (enjoyment, pride, anger, anxiety, shame, hopelessness, boredom) across class, learning, and test contexts (internal structure). Based on control-value theory, it is assumed that these emotions are evoked by control and value appraisals, and that they influence students' motivation, learning strategies, and performance (external relations). Despite the popularity and frequent use of the AEQ-M, the research leading to its development has never been published, creating uncertainty about the validity of the proposed internal structure and external relations. We close this gap in Study 1 (N = 781 students, Grades 5-10, mean age 14.1 years, 53.5% female) by demonstrating that emotions are organized across contexts and linked to their proposed antecedents and outcomes. Study 2 (N = 699 students, Grade 7 and 9, mean age 14.0 years, 56.9% female) addresses another deficit in research on the AEQ-M, the lack of evidence regarding the assumption that emotions represent sets of interrelated affective, cognitive, motivational, and physiological/expressive components. We close this gap by evaluating extended AEQ-M scales, systematically assessing these components for five core mathematics emotions (enjoyment, anger, anxiety, hopelessness, boredom). Our work provides solid grounds for future research using the AEQ-M to assess emotions and their components in the domain of mathematics.
Disciplines :
Education & enseignement
Auteur, co-auteur :
Bieleke, Maik ; Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
Goetz, Thomas ; Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Yanagida, Takuya ; Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
BOTES, Elouise ; University of Luxembourg ; Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Frenzel, Anne C ; Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
Pekrun, Reinhard ; Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany ; Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK ; Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
Co-auteurs externes :
yes
Langue du document :
Anglais
Titre :
Measuring emotions in mathematics: the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Mathematics (AEQ-M).
Date de publication/diffusion :
2023
Titre du périodique :
ZDM: the International Journal on Mathematics Education
ISSN :
1863-9690
eISSN :
1863-9704
Maison d'édition :
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, Allemagne
Arens, A. K., Frenzel, A. C., & Goetz, T. (2022). Self-concept and self-efficacy in math: Longitudinal interrelations and reciprocal linkages with achievement. Journal of Experimental Education, 90(3), 615–633. 10.1080/00220973.2020.1786347 DOI: 10.1080/00220973.2020.1786347
Ashcraft, M. H. (2002). Math anxiety: Personal, educational, and cognitive consequences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(5), 181–185. 10.1111/1467-8721.00196 DOI: 10.1111/1467-8721.00196
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. 10.1037//0033-295X.84.2.191 DOI: 10.1037//0033-295X.84.2.191
Barroso, C., Ganley, C. M., McGraw, A. L., Geer, E. A., Hart, S. A., & Daucourt, M. C. (2021). A meta-analysis of the relation between math anxiety and math achievement. Psychological Bulletin, 147(2), 134–168. 10.1037/bul0000307 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000307
Baumert, J., Gruehn, S., Heyn, S., Köller, O., & Schnabel, K.-U. (1997). Bildungsverläufe und psychosoziale Entwicklung im Jugendalter (BIJU): [Educational trajectories and psychosocial development in adolescence (BIJU)] (Dokumentation – Band 1. Skalen Längsschnitt I, Wellen 1–4). Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
Bieg, M., Goetz, T., Sticca, F., Brunner, E., Becker, E., Morger, V., & Hubbard, K. (2017). Teaching methods and their impact on students’ emotions in mathematics: An experience-sampling approach. ZDM – Mathematics Education, 49(3), 411–422. 10.1007/s11858-017-0840-1 DOI: 10.1007/s11858-017-0840-1
Bieleke, M., Schwarzkopf, J.–M., Goetz, T., & Haag, L. (2022). The agonizing effects of uncertainty: Effects of announced vs. unannounced performance assessments on emotions and achievement. PLOS ONE 17(8), e0272443. 10.1371/journal.pone.0272443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272443
Bieleke, M., Gogol, K., Goetz, T., Daniels, L., & Pekrun, R. (2021). The AEQ-S: A short version of the achievement emotions questionnaire. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 65, 101940. 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101940
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
Camacho-Morles, J., Slemp, G. R., Pekrun, R., Loderer, K., Hou, H., & Oades, L. G. (2021). Activity achievement emotions and academic performance: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 33(3), 1051–1095. 10.1007/s10648-020-09585-3 DOI: 10.1007/s10648-020-09585-3
Cole, D. A., & Preacher, K. J. (2014). Manifest variable path analysis: Potentially serious and misleading consequences due to uncorrected measurement error. Psychological Methods, 19(2), 300–315. 10.1037/a0033805 DOI: 10.1037/a0033805
Enders, C. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. Guilford Press.
Forsblom, L., Pekrun, R., Loderer, K., & Peixoto, F. (2022). Cognitive appraisals, achievement emotions, and students’ math achievement: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(2), 346–367. 10.1037/edu0000671 DOI: 10.1037/edu0000671
Frenzel, A. C., Pekrun, R., & Goetz, T. (2007a). Girls and mathematics—A “hopeless” issue? A control-value approach to gender differences in emotions towards mathematics. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 22(4), 497–514. 10.1007/BF03173468 DOI: 10.1007/BF03173468
Frenzel, A. C., Thrash, T. M., Pekrun, R., & Goetz, T. (2007b). Achievement emotions in Germany and China. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38(3), 302–309. 10.1177/0022022107300276 DOI: 10.1177/0022022107300276
Goetz, T. (2004). Emotionales Erleben und selbstreguliertes Lernen bei Schülern im Fach Mathematik [Emotional experience and self-regulated learning in mathematics students]. Herbert Utz Verlag.
Goetz, T., Bieg, M., & Hall, N. C. (2016). Assessing academic emotions via the experience sampling method. In M. Zembylas & P. A. Schutz (Eds.), Methodological advances in research on emotion and education (pp. 245–258). Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978-3-319-29049-2_19 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29049-2_19
Goetz, T., Bieg, M., Lüdtke, O., Pekrun, R., & Hall, N. C. (2013). Do girls really experience more anxiety in mathematics? Psychological Science, 24(10), 2079–2087. 10.1177/0956797613486989 DOI: 10.1177/0956797613486989
Goetz, T., Haag, L., Lipnevich, A. A., Keller, M. M., Frenzel, A. C., & Collier, A. P. M. (2014). Between-domain relations of students’ academic emotions and their judgments of school domain similarity. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1153. 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01153 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01153
Goetz, T., Nett, U. E., Martiny, S. E., Hall, N. C., Pekrun, R., Dettmers, S., & Trautwein, U. (2012). Students’ emotions during homework: Structures, self-concept antecedents, and achievement outcomes. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(2), 225–234. 10.1016/j.lindif.2011.04.006 DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2011.04.006
Gogol, K., Brunner, M., Goetz, T., Martin, R., Ugen, S., Keller, U., Fischbach, A., & Preckel, F. (2014). “My Questionnaire is Too Long!” The assessments of motivational-affective constructs with three-item and single-item measures. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 39(3), 188–205. 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2014.04.002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2014.04.002
Heene, M., Hilbert, S., Draxler, C., Ziegler, M., & Bühner, M. (2011). Masking misfit in confirmatory factor analysis by increasing unique variances: A cautionary note on the usefulness of cutoff values of fit indices. Psychological Methods, 16(3), 319–336. 10.1037/a0024917 DOI: 10.1037/a0024917
Hembree, R. (1990). The nature, effects, and relief of mathematics anxiety. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 21(1), 33–46. 10.2307/749455 DOI: 10.2307/749455
Holm, M. E., Björn, P. M., Laine, A., Korhonen, J., & Hannula, M. S. (2020). Achievement emotions among adolescents receiving special education support in mathematics. Learning and Individual Differences, 79, 101851. 10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101851 DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101851
Kim, C., Park, S. W., & Cozart, J. (2014). Affective and motivational factors of learning in online mathematics courses. British Journal of Educational Technology, 45(1), 171–185. 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01382.x DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01382.x
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.
Kunter, M., Schümer, G., Artelt, C., Baumert, J., Klieme, E., Stanat, P., Tillmann, K.-J., & Weiß, M. (2002). PISA 2000: Dokumentation der Erhebungsinstrumente [PISA 2000: Documentation of the survey instruments]. Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung.
Lange, J., & Zickfeld, J. H. (2021). Emotions as overlapping causal networks of emotion components: Implications and methodological approaches. Emotion Review, 13(2), 157–167. 10.1177/1754073920988787 DOI: 10.1177/1754073920988787
Luo, W., Ng, P. T., Lee, K., & Aye, K. M. (2016). Self-efficacy, value, and achievement emotions as mediators between parenting practice and homework behavior: A control-value theory perspective. Learning and Individual Differences, 50, 275–282. 10.1016/j.lindif.2016.07.017 DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2016.07.017
Marsh, H. W. (1990). The structure of academic self-concept: The Marsh/Shavelson model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(4), 623–636. 10.1037/0022-0663.82.4.623 DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.82.4.623
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler’s (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11(3), 320–341. 10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2 DOI: 10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2
Molfenter, S. (1999). Prüfungsemotionen bei Studierenden: Explorative Analysen und Entwicklung eines diagnostischen Instrumentariums [Examination emotions in students: Exploratory analyses and development of diagnostic tools]. University of Regensburg. Unpublished disseration.
Moreira, P., Cunha, D., & Inman, R. A. (2019). Achievement Emotions Questionnaire-Mathematics (AEQ-M) in adolescents: Factorial structure, measurement invariance and convergent validity with personality. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 16(6), 750–762. 10.1080/17405629.2018.1548349 DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2018.1548349
Pekrun, R. (2006). The control-value theory of achievement emotions: Assumptions, corollaries, and implications for educational research and practice. Educational Psychology Review, 18(4), 315–341. 10.1007/s10648-006-9029-9 DOI: 10.1007/s10648-006-9029-9
Pekrun, R. (2018). Control-value theory: A social-cognitive approach to achievement emotions. In G. A. D. Liem & D. M. McInerney (Eds.), Big theories revisited 2: A volume of research on sociocultural influences on motivation and learning (pp. 162–190). Information Age Publishing.
Pekrun, R. (2021). Self-appraisals and emotions: A generalized control-value approach. In T. Dicke, F. Guay, H. W. Marsh, R. G. Craven, & D. M. McInerney (Eds.), International advances in self research. Self – A multidisciplinary concept (pp. 1–30). Information Age Publishing.
Pekrun, R., Frenzel, A. C., Goetz, T., & Perry, R. P. (2007). The control-value theory of achievement emotions. In P. A. Schutz & R. Pekrun (Eds.), Emotion in Education (pp. 13–36). Academic Press. 10.1016/B978-012372545-5/50003-4 DOI: 10.1016/B978-012372545-5/50003-4
Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., & Frenzel, A. C. (2005). Achievement Emotions Questionnaire—Mathematics (AEQ-M): User’s manual. University of Munich, Department of Psychology.
Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Frenzel, A. C., Barchfeld, P., & Perry, R. P. (2011). Measuring emotions in students’ learning performance: The achievement emotions questionnaire (AEQ). Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36, 36–48. 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.10.002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.10.002
Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W., & Perry, R. P. (2002). Academic emotions in students’ self-regulated learning and achievement: A program of qualitative and quantitative research. Educational Psychologist, 37(2), 91–105. 10.1207/S15326985EP3702_4 DOI: 10.1207/S15326985EP3702_4
Pekrun, R., Lichtenfeld, S., Marsh, H. W., Murayama, K., & Goetz, T. (2017). Achievement emotions and academic performance: Longitudinal models of reciprocal effects. Child Development, 88(5), 1653–1670. 10.1111/cdev.12704 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12704
Pekrun, R., & Linnenbrink-Garcia, L. (2014). Introduction to emotions in education. In R. Pekrun & L. Linnenbrink-Garcia (Eds.), International handbook of emotions in education (pp. 1–10). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. DOI: 10.4324/9780203148211
Putwain, D. W., Pekrun, R., Nicholson, L. J., Symes, W., Becker, S., & Marsh, H. W. (2018). Control-value appraisals, enjoyment, and boredom in mathematics: A longitudinal latent interaction analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 55(6), 1339–1368. 10.3102/0002831218786689 DOI: 10.3102/0002831218786689
Roos, A.-L., Goetz, T., Krannich, M., Jarrell, A., Donker, M., & Mainhard, T. (2021a). Test anxiety components: An intra-individual approach testing their control antecedents and effects on performance. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 34(3), 279–298. 10.1080/10615806.2020.1850700 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1850700
Roos, A.-L., Goetz, T., Voracek, M., Krannich, M., Bieg, M., Jarrell, A., & Pekrun, R. (2021b). Test anxiety and physiological arousal: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 33(2), 579–618. 10.1007/s10648-020-09543-z DOI: 10.1007/s10648-020-09543-z
Scherer, K. R. (2009). The dynamic architecture of emotion: Evidence for the component process model. Cognition & Emotion, 23(7), 1307–1351. 10.1080/02699930902928969 DOI: 10.1080/02699930902928969
Schukajlow, S., Rakoczy, K., & Pekrun, R. (2017). Emotions and motivation in mathematics education: Theoretical considerations and empirical contributions. ZDM – Mathematics Education, 49(3), 307–322. 10.1007/s11858-017-0864-6 DOI: 10.1007/s11858-017-0864-6
Shavelson, R. J., Hubner, J. J., & Stanton, G. C. (1976). Self-concept: Validation of construct interpretations. Review of Educational Research, 46(3), 407. 10.2307/1170010 DOI: 10.2307/1170010
Titz, W. (2001). Emotionen von Studierenden in Lernsituationen. Explorative Analysen und Entwicklung von Selbstberichtskalen [Students’ emotions in learning situations: Exploratory analyses and development of self-report scales]. Waxmann.
Wild, K.-P., & Schiefele, U. (1994). Lernstrategien im Studium: Ergebnisse zur Faktorenstruktur und Reliabilität eines neuen Fragebogens: [Learning strategies of university students: Factor structure and reliability of a new questionnaire]. Zeitschrift Für Differentielle Und Diagnostische Psychologie, 15(4), 185–200.