Machine Learning-based Predictions of Spatial Metabolic Profiles Demonstrate the Impact of Morphology on Astrocytic Energy Metabolism

This work introduces a machine learning framework that allows the investigation of the influence of reaction centers on the metabolic state of astrocyte cells. The proposed ML framework takes advantage of spatial astrocyte metabolic data stemming from numerical simulations for different reaction center configurations and allows for the following:
(i) Discovery of cell groups of similar metabolic states and investigation of the reaction center configuration within each group. This approach allows for an analysis of the importance of the specific location of the reaction centers for a potentially critical metabolic state of the cell. (ii) Qualitative prediction of the energetic state of the cell (based on [ATP]: [ADP]) and quantitative prediction of the metabolic state of the cell by predicting the spatial average concentration of the metabolites or the complete spatial metabolic profile within the cell. (iii) Finally, the framework allows for the post hoc analysis of the developed quantitative predictive models using a SHAP approach to investigate the influence of the reaction center positions for further support of the insights drawn in steps (i)-(iii). Following the implementation of the framework, we observe that a uniform mitochondrial distribution within the cell results in the most robust energetic cell state. On the contrary, realizations of polarized mitochondrial distributions exhibit the worst overall cell health. Furthermore, we can make accurate qualitative predictions regarding cell health (accuracy=0.9515$ , recall=0.9753) and satisfactory predictions for the spatial average concentration and spatial concentration profiles of most of the metabolites involved. The techniques proposed in this study are not restricted to the dataset used. They can be easily used in other datasets that include findings from various metabolic computational models.