Acoustic indices; Acoustic region; Bioacoustics; Ecoacoustics; Monitoring; National park; Protected areas; Serra do Cipó; Anthropogenic disturbance; Decision making process; Domestic animals; Frequency ranges; Monitoring programmes; Passive acoustic monitoring; Visual examination; Wildlife management; Decision Sciences (all); Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Ecology; General Decision Sciences
Abstract :
[en] Protected areas (PAs) monitoring is a technical bottleneck that limits the implementation of decision-making processes for natural resource and wildlife management. Recent methodological advances make passive acoustic monitoring and associated acoustic index analysis an increasingly suitable method for PAs monitoring. Acoustic indices are mathematical filters that can provide standardised comparative information about the acoustic energy, which can be applied to compare communities. In this study we test whether acoustic indices are sufficiently sensitive to detect differences in the soundscape within each of the four seasons between a PA (the Serra do Cipó National Park, Brazil) and a surrounding farmland area. Statistical analysis of results from 12 acoustic indices is used to identify which of 20 acoustic regions, defined by frequency range and time period, present the greatest differences between the two sites. The soundscapes of the two sites differed most in autumn within the acoustic region 6, representing 05:30 – 09:00am and a range of 0.988–3.609 kHz. This acoustic region exhibited significant differences for all the 12 indices tested. Visual examination of 65 long-duration false-colour (LDFC) spectrograms resulted in the selection of 865 (from 1365) sound files with acoustic events within the range of acoustic region 6. Sonotype analysis of the 865 files showed that the soundscape outside the park is strongly influenced by human activity, with domestic animals rare in the park soundscape (1% of the sound files), but very common in the surrounding farmland environment (63% of the sound files). The main goal of monitoring programmes detecting biodiversity trends across space and time, which is here achieved via passive acoustic monitoring and acoustic indices. This confirms the utility of the techniques used here for PA monitoring, especially for detecting trends in anthropogenic disturbance, which is a common threat to natural habitats in parks and reserves in the tropics.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Campos, Ivan Braga ; Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), Serra do Cipó National Parque, Santana do Riacho, Brazil ; University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Fewster, Rachel; University of Auckland, Science Centre – Mathphysic – Bldg 303, Auckland, New Zealand
Truskinger, Anthony; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, Australia
Towsey, Michael; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, Australia
Roe, Paul; Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, Brisbane, Australia
VASQUES FILHO, Demival ; University of Luxembourg > Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C2DH) > Digital History and Historiography
Lee, William; Dunedin, Dunedin, New Zealand
Gaskett, Anne; University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Assessing the potential of acoustic indices for protected area monitoring in the Serra do Cipó National Park, Brazil
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Funding text :
IBC thanks CNPq-Brazil for financial support through the Science Without Borders scholarship program. IBC also thanks Marina Duarte and Suzan Fuller for the technical logistical contributions; Renan Duarte for fieldwork support; Kevin Chang for the support with statistics analysis; Vivian Ward for the artistic touch in the map figure; and anonymous reviewers for the helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript.Funding: This work was supported by the Science Without Borders PhD scholarship funded by CNPq -Brazil [grant number 203669/2014-2 ].
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