Executive functions in birds

Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Greiff, Samuel

doi:10.3390/birds3020013

Download

Article (Scientific journals)

Executive functions in birds

Bobrowicz, Katarzyna; Greiff, Samuel

2022 • In Birds, p. 184-220

Peer reviewed

Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10993/50745

DOI
10.3390/birds3020013

Files Send to Details Statistics Bibliography Similar publications

Files

Full Text

BobrowiczGreiff_Executive functions in birds.pdf

Publisher postprint (658.51 kB)

Download

All documents in ORBilu are protected by a user license.

Send to

RIS BibTex APA Chicago Permalink Twitter Linkedin

Details

Keywords :

executive functions; executive control; birds; inhibition; working memory; shifting; flexibility

Abstract :

[en] Executive functions comprise of top-down cognitive processes that exert control over information processing, from acquiring information to issuing a behavioral response. These cogni- tive processes of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility underpin complex cognitive skills, such as episodic memory and planning, which have been repeatedly investigated in several bird species in recent decades. Until recently, avian executive functions were studied in relatively few bird species but have gained traction in comparative cognitive research following MacLean and colleagues’ large-scale study from 2014. Therefore, in this review paper, the relevant previous findings are collected and organized to facilitate further investigations of these core cognitive processes in birds. This review can assist in integrating findings from avian and mammalian cognitive research and further the current understanding of executive functions’ significance and evolution.

Disciplines :

Animal psychology, ethology & psychobiology

Author, co-author :

Bobrowicz, Katarzyna ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences (FHSE) > Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences (DBCS)

Greiff, Samuel ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences (FHSE) > Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences (DBCS)

External co-authors :

Language :

English

Title :

Executive functions in birds

Publication date :

01 April 2022

Journal title :

Birds

ISSN :

2673-6004

Publisher :

MDPI

Pages :

184-220

Peer reviewed :

Peer reviewed

Available on ORBilu :

since 01 April 2022

Statistics

Number of views

140 (6 by Unilu)

Number of downloads

26 (1 by Unilu)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

Bibliography

Diamond A. Executive functions Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2013 64 135 168 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750 23020641
Miyake A. Friedman N.P. Emerson M.J. Witzki A.H. Howerter A. Wager T.D. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis Cogn. Psychol. 2000 41 49 100 10.1006/cogp.1999.0734 10945922
Puig V.M. Rose J. Schmidt R. Freund N. Dopamine modulation of learning and memory in the prefrontal cortex: Insights from studies in primates, rodents, and birds Front. Neural Circuits 2014 8 93 10.3389/fncir.2014.00093
Tello-Ramos M.C. Branch C. Kozlovsky D. Pitera A. Pravosudov V. Spatial memory and cognitive flexibility trade-offs: To be or not to be flexible, that is the question Anim. Behav. 2019 147 129 136 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.02.019
Bobrowicz K. Memory for Problem Solving: Comparative Studies in Attention, Working and Long-Term Memory Ph.D. Thesis Lund University Lund, Sweden 2019
Köhler W. The Mentality of Apes 2nd ed. Trubner & Co., Ltd. London, UK 1925
Thorndike E.L. Animal Intelligence: Experimental Studies The Macmillan Company New York, NY, USA 1911
Kabadayi C. Bobrowicz K. Osvath M. The detour paradigm in animal cognition Anim. Cogn. 2018 21 21 35 10.1007/s10071-017-1152-0
Dewsbury D.A. Comparative cognition in the 1930s Psychon. Bull. Rev. 2000 7 267 283 10.3758/BF03212982
Hunter W.S. Delayed reaction in animals and children Behav. Monogr. 1913 2 1889 1954
Roberts W.A. Santi A. The Comparative Study of Working Memory APA Handbook of Comparative Psychology (Vol. 2. Perception, Learning, and Cognition Call J. American Psychological Association Washington, WA, USA 2017
Clarke R. Heron W. Fetherstonhaugh M. Forgays D. Hebb D. Individual differences in dogs: Preliminary report on the effects of early experience Can. J. Exp. Psychol. 1951 5 150 156 10.1037/h0083545
Sarris E.G. Die individuellen Unterschiede bei Hunden Z. Angew. Psychol. Charakterkd. 1937 52 257 309
Thompson W.R. Heron W. The effects of restricting early experience on the problem-solving capacity of dogs Can. J. Exp. Psychol. 1954 8 17 31 10.1037/h0083595
Wyrwicka W. Studies on detour behaviour Behaviour 1959 14 240 264 10.1163/156853959X00090
Harlow H.F. Comparative behavior of primates III. Complicated delayed reaction tests on primates J. Comp. Psychol. 1932 14 241 252 10.1037/h0074144
Harlow H.F. Bromer J.A. The capacity of platyrrhine monkeys to solve delayed reaction tests J. Comp. Psychol. 1939 28 299 304 10.1037/h0053770
Harlow H.F. Uehling H. Maslow A.H. Comparative behavior of primates I. Delayed reaction test on primates from the lemur to the orangutan J. Comp. Psychol. 1932 13 313 343 10.1037/h0073864
Maslow A.H. Harlow H.F. Comparative behavior of primates II. Delayed reaction tests on primates at Bronx Park Zoo J. Comp. Psychol. 1932 14 97 107 10.1037/h0072093
McAllister W.G. A further study of the delayed reaction in the albino rat Comp. Psychol. Monogr. 1932 8 29 49
Tinklepaugh O.L. Multiple delayed reactions with chimpanzees and monkeys J. Comp. Psychol. 1932 13 207 243 10.1037/h0072368
Yudin H.C. Harlow H.F. Comparative behavior of primates V. Delayed reactions in primates in horizontal and vertical planes J. Comp. Psychol. 1933 16 143 146 10.1037/h0070707
Lorenz K. Betrachtungen über das Erkennen der arteigenen Triebhandlungen der Vögel J. Ornithol. 1932 80 50 98 10.1007/BF01995022
Scholes N.W. Detour learning and development in the domestic chick J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1965 60 114 116 10.1037/h0022335
Scholes N.W. Wheaton L.G. Critical period for detour learning in developing chicks Life Sci. 1966 5 1859 1865 10.1016/0024-3205(66)90280-3
Gossette R.L. Gossette M.F. Riddell W. Comparisons of successive discrimination reversal performances among closely and remotely related avian species Anim. Behav. 1966 14 560 564 10.1016/S0003-3472(66)80060-X
Gossette R. Gossette M. Inman N. Successive discrimination reversal performance by the Greater Hill Myna Anim. Behav. 1966 14 50 53 10.1016/S0003-3472(66)80010-6
Gonzalez R.C. Behrend E.R. Bitterman M.E. Reversal learning and forgetting in bird and fish Science 1967 158 519 521 10.1126/science.158.3800.519 6069100
Warren J.M. Brookshire R.H. Ball G.G. Reynolds D.V. Reversal learning by white Leghorn chicks J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1960 53 371 375 10.1037/h0048127 13842931
MacLean E.L. Hare B. Nunn C.L. Addessi E. Amici F. Anderson R.C. Aureli F. Baker J.M. Bania A.E. Barnard A.M. et al. The evolution of self-control Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2014 111 E2140 E2148 10.1073/pnas.1323533111
Kabadayi C. Planning and Inhibition in Corvids Ph.D. Thesis Lund University Lund, Sweden 2017
Lambert M. Jacobs I. Osvath M. von Bayern A. Birds of a feather? Parrot and corvid cognition compared Behaviour 2019 156 505 594 10.1163/1568539X-00003527
Güntürkün O. Bugnyar T. Cognition without cortex Trends Cogn. Sci. 2016 20 291 303 10.1016/j.tics.2016.02.001
Clayton N.S. Emery N.J. Avian Models for Human Cognitive Neuroscience: A Proposal Neuron 2015 86 1330 1342 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.04.024
Griffin A.S. Guez D. Innovation and problem solving: A review of common mechanisms Behav. Processes 2014 109 121 134 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.08.027
van Horik J.O. Clayton N.S. Emery N.J. Convergent Evolution of Cognition in Corvids, Apes and Other Animals The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Evolutionary Psychology Vonk J. Shackelford J.T.K. Oxford University Press Oxford, UK 2012 80 101
Madden J. Langley E.J. Whiteside M. Beardsworth C.E. Horik J.V. The quick are the dead: Pheasants that are slow to reverse a learned association survive for longer in the wild Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2018 373 20170297 10.1098/rstb.2017.0297 30104439
van Horik J.O. Langley E. Whiteside M.A. Laker P.R. Madden J.R. Intra-individual variation in performance on novel variants of similar tasks influences single factor explanations of general cognitive processes Royal Soc. Open Sci. 2018 5 171919 10.1098/rsos.171919 30109047
Güntürkün O. Cognitive impairments after lesions of the neostriatum caudolaterale and its thalamic afferent in pigeons: Functional similarities to the mammalian prefrontal system? J. Hirnforsch. 1997 38 133 143 9059925
Güntürkün O. The avian ‘prefrontal cortex’ and cognition Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2005 15 686 693 10.1016/j.conb.2005.10.003
Hartmann B. Güntürkün O. Selective deficits in reversal learning after neostriatum caudolaterale lesions in pigeons: Possible behavioral equivalencies to the mammalian prefrontal system Behav. Brain Res. 1998 96 125 133 10.1016/S0166-4328(98)00006-0
Mogensen J. Divac I. The prefrontal ‘cortex’ in the pigeon. Behavioral evidence Brain Behav. Evol. 1982 21 60 66 10.1159/000121617
Waldmann C. Güntürkün O. The dopaminergic innervation of the pigeon caudolateral forebrain: Immunocytochemical evidence for a ‘prefrontal cortex’ in birds? Brain Res. 1993 600 225 234 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91377-5
Babb S.J. Crystal J.D. Episodic-like memory in the rat Curr. Biol. 2006 16 1317 1321 10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.025
Clayton N.S. Dickinson A. Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays Nature 1998 395 272 274 10.1038/26216
Clayton N.S. Dickinson A. Scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) remember the relative time of caching as well as the location and content of their caches J. Comp. Psychol. 1999 113 403 416 10.1037/0735-7036.113.4.403
Clayton N.S. Griffiths D.P. Emery N.J. Dickinson A. Elements of episodic-like memory in animals Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2001 356 1483 1491 10.1098/rstb.2001.0947 11571038
Roberts W.A. Animal memory: Episodic-like memory in rats Curr. Biol. 2006 16 R601 R603 10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.001 16890521
Schwartz B.L. Hoffman M.L. Evans S. Episodic-like memory in a gorilla: A review and new findings Learn. Motiv. 2005 36 226 244 10.1016/j.lmot.2005.02.012
Schwartz B.L. Evans S. Episodic memory in primates Am. J. Primatol. 2001 55 71 85 10.1002/ajp.1041 11668526
Correia S.P. Dickinson A. Clayton N.S. Western scrub-jays anticipate future needs independently of their current motivational state Curr. Biol. 2007 17 856 861 10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.063
Raby C.R. Alexis D.M. Dickinson A. Clayton N.S. Planning for the future by western scrub-jays Nature 2007 445 919 921 10.1038/nature05575
Osvath M. Osvath H. Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and orangutan (Pongo abelii) forethought: Self-control and pre-experience in the face of future tool use Anim. Cogn. 2008 11 661 674 10.1007/s10071-008-0157-0
Kabadayi C. Taylor L.A. von Bayern A.M. Osvath M. Ravens, new caledonian crows and jackdaws parallel great apes in motor self-regulation despite smaller brains R. Soc. Open Sci. 2016 3 160104 10.1098/rsos.160104
Kabadayi C. Krasheninnikova A. O’Neill L. Weijer J.V. Osvath M. Bayern A.V. Are parrots poor at motor self-regulation or is the cylinder task poor at measuring it? Anim. Cogn. 2017 20 1137 1146 10.1007/s10071-017-1131-5
van Horik J.O. Langley E.J. Whiteside M.A. Laker P.R. Beardsworth C.E. Madden J.R. Do detour tasks provide accurate assays of inhibitory control? Proc. R. Soc. B 2018 285 20180150 10.1098/rspb.2018.0150
Bobrowicz K. Osvath M. Cats parallel great apes and corvids in motor self-regulation—Not brain but material size matters Front. Psychol. 2018 9 1995 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01995 30405485
Boogert N.J. Madden J.R. Morand-Ferron J. Thornton A. Measuring and understanding individual differences in cognition Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2018 373 20170280 10.1098/rstb.2017.0280 30104425
Seed A. Emery N. Clayton N. Intelligence in corvids and apes: A case of convergent evolution? Ethology 2009 115 401 420 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01644.x
Benton M.J. Donoghue P.C.J. Paleontological evidence to date the tree of life Mol. Biol. Evol. 2006 24 26 53 10.1093/molbev/msl150 17047029
Güntürkün O. The convergent evolution of neural substrates for cognition Psychol. Res. 2012 76 212 219 10.1007/s00426-011-0377-9
Rose J. Güntürkün O. Kirsch J. Evolution of Association Pallial Areas: In Birds Encyclopedia of Neuroscience Binder M.D. Hirokawa N. Windhorst U. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany 2009
Jarvis E.D. Güntürkün O. Bruce L. Csillag A. Karten H. Kuenzel W. Medina L. Paxinos G. Perkel D.J. Shimizu T. et al. Avian brain nomenclature consortium avian brains and a new understanding of vertebrate brain evolution Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2005 6 151 159 10.1038/nrn1606
Herculano-Houzel S. Birds do have a brain cortex-and think Science 2020 369 1567 1568 10.1126/science.abe0536
Stacho M. Herold C. Rook N. Wagner H. Axer M. Amunts K. Güntürkün O. A cortex-like canonical circuit in the avian forebrain Science 2020 369 eabc5534 10.1126/science.abc5534
Edinger L. Wallenberg A. Holmes G.M. Untersuchungen Über die Vergleichende Anatomie des Gehirns. 3. Das Vorderhirn der Vogel Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Gesellschaft Frankfurt am Main, Germany 1903 Volume 20 343 426
Karten H.J. The ascending auditory pathway in the pigeon (Columba livia). II. Telencephalic projections of the nucleus ovoidalis thalami Brain Res. 1969 11 134 153 10.1016/0006-8993(68)90078-4
Herold C. Palomero-Gallagher N. Hellmann B. Kröner S. Theiss C. Güntürkün O. Zilles K. The receptor architecture of the pigeons’ nidopallium caudolaterale: An avian analogue to the mammalian prefrontal cortex Brain Struct. Funct. 2011 216 239 254 10.1007/s00429-011-0301-5
Reiner A. Yamamoto K. Karten H.J. Organization and evolution of the avian forebrain Anat. Rec. A Discov. Mol. Cell. Evol. Biol. 2005 287A 1080 1102 10.1002/ar.a.20253 16206213
Shanahan M. Bingman V.P. Shimizu T. Wild M. Güntürkün O. Large-scale network organization in the avian forebrain: A connectivity matrix and theoretical analysis Front Comput. Neurosci. 2013 7 89 10.3389/fncom.2013.00089 23847525
Shanahan M. The brain’s connective core and its role in animal cognition Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2012 367 2704 2714 10.1098/rstb.2012.0128
Rose J. Colombo M. Neural correlates of executive control in the avian brain PLoS Biol. 2005 3 e190 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030190
Kröner S. Güntürkün O. Afferent and efferent connections of the caudolateral neostriatum in the pigeon (Columba livia): A retro- and anterograde pathway tracing study J. Comp. Neurol. 1999 407 228 260 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990503)407:2<228::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-2
Jones E.G. Powell T.P.S. An anatomical study of converging sensory pathways within the cerebral cortex of the monkey Brain 1970 93 793 820 10.1093/brain/93.4.793 4992433
Shimizu T. Cox K. Karten H.J. Intratelencephalic projections of the visual wulst in pigeons (Columba livia) J. Comp. Neurol. 1995 359 551 572 10.1002/cne.903590404
Wild J.M. Karten H.J. Frost B.J. Connections of the auditory forebrain in the pigeon (Columba livia) J. Comp. Neurol. 1993 337 32 62 10.1002/cne.903370103
Divac I. Mogensen J. The prefrontal ‘cortex’ in the pigeon-catecholamine histofluorescence Neuroscience 1985 15 677 682 10.1016/0306-4522(85)90069-7
Divac I. Thibault J. Skageberg G. Palacois M. Dietl M.M. Dopaminergic innervation of the brain in pigeons. The presumed ‘prefrontal cortex’ Acta Neurobiol. Exp. 1994 54 227 234
Wynne B. Güntürkün O. The dopaminergic innervation of the forebrain of the pigeon (Columba livia): A study with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine J. Comp. Neurol. 1995 358 446 464 10.1002/cne.903570309 7673478
Gagliardo A. Bonadonna F. Divac I. Behavioral effects of ablations of the presumed ‘prefrontal cortex’ or the corticoid in pigeons Behav. Brain Res. 1996 78 155 162 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00243-X
Güntürkün O. Avian and mammalian “prefrontal cortices”: Limited degrees of freedom in the evolution of the neural mechanisms of goal-state maintenance Brain Res. Bull. 2005 66 311 316 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.02.004 16144607
Kirsch J.A. Güntürkün O. Rose J. Insight without cortex: Lessons from the avian brain Conscious. Cogn. 2008 17 475 483 10.1016/j.concog.2008.03.018
Herculano-Houzel S. Numbers of neurons as biological correlates of cognitive capability Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 2017 16 1 7 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.02.004
Fuster J.M. The Prefrontal Cortex: Anatomy, Physiology, and Neuropsychology of The Frontal Lobe 3rd ed. Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia, PA, USA 1997
Rose J. Schiffer A.M. Dittrich L. Güntürkün O. The role of dopamine in maintenance and distractability of attention in the "prefrontal cortex" of pigeons Neuroscience 2010 167 232 237 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.02.004
Schnabel R. Metzger M. Jiang S. Hemmings H.C. Jr. Greengard P. Braun K. Localization of dopamine D1 receptors and dopaminoceptive neurons in the chick forebrain J. Comp. Neurol. 1997 388 146 168 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19971110)388:1<146::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-T
Durstewitz D. Kröner S. Hemmings H.C. Jr. Güntürkün O. The dopaminergic innervation of the pigeon telencephalon: Distribution of DARPP-32 and cooccurrence with glutamate decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase Neuroscience 1998 83 763 779 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00450-8
Metzger M. Jiang S. Braun K. A quantitative immunoelectron microscopic study of dopamine terminals in forebrain regions of the domestic chick involved in filial imprinting Neuroscience 2002 111 611 623 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00611-X
Durstewitz D. Seamans J.K. Sejnowski T.J. Dopamine-mediated stabilization of delay-period activity in a network model of prefrontal cortex J. Neurophysiol. 2000 83 1733 1750 10.1152/jn.2000.83.3.1733
Schultz W. Multiple dopamine functions at different time courses Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2007 30 259 288 10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135722
Emery N.J. Clayton N.S. The mentality of crows: Convergent evolution of intelligence in corvids and apes Science 2004 306 1903 1907 10.1126/science.1098410 15591194
Von Eugen K. Tabrik S. Güntürkün O. Ströckens F. A comparative analysis of the dopaminergic innervation of the executive caudal nidopallium in pigeon, chicken, zebra finch, and carrion crow J. Comp. Neurol. 2020 528 2929 2955 10.1002/cne.24878 32020608
Iwaniuk A.N. Hurd P.L. The evolution of cerebrotypes in birds Brain Behav. Evol. 2005 65 215 230 10.1159/000084313 15761215
Olkowicz S. Kocourek M. Lučan R.K. Porteš M. Fitch W.T. Herculano-Houzel S. Němec P. Birds have primate-like numbers of neurons in the forebrain Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2016 113 7255 7260 10.1073/pnas.1517131113 27298365
Mello C.V. Kaser T. Buckner A.A. Wirthlin M. Lovell P.V. Molecular architecture of the zebra finch arcopallium J. Comp. Neurol. 2019 527 2512 2556 10.1002/cne.24688
Prum R.O. Berv J.S. Dornburg A. Field D.J. Townsend J.P. Lemmon E.M. Lemmon A.R. A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing Nature 2015 526 569 573 10.1038/nature15697
Goto K. Watanabe S. Visual working memory of jungle crows (Corvus macrorhynchos) in operant delayed matching-to-sample Jpn. Psychol. Res. 2009 51 122 131 10.1111/j.1468-5884.2009.00400.x
Lipp H.P. Pleskacheva M.G. Gossweiler H. Ricceri L. Smirnova A.A. Garin N.N. Perepiolkina O.P. Voronkov D.N. Kuptsov P.A. Dell’Omo G. A large outdoor radial maze for comparative studies in birds and mammals Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2001 25 83 99 10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00050-6
Fongaro E. Rose J. Crows control working memory before and after stimulus encoding Sci. Rep. 2020 10 3253 10.1038/s41598-020-59975-4
Ditz H.M. Nieder A. Sensory and working memory representations of small and large numerosities in the crow endbrain J. Neurosci. 2016 36 12044 12052 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1521-16.2016 27881787
Rinnert P. Kirschhock M.E. Nieder A. Neuronal correlates of spatial working memory in the endbrain of crows Curr. Biol. 2019 29 2616 2624.e4 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.060 31378607
Moll F.W. Nieder A. Cross-modal associative mnemonic signals in crow endbrain neurons Curr. Biol. 2015 25 2196 2201 10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.013 26255848
Gould-Beierle K. A comparison of four corvid species in a working and reference memory task using a radial maze J. Comp. Psychol. 2000 114 347 356 10.1037/0735-7036.114.4.347
Balakhonov D. Rose J. Crows rival monkeys in cognitive capacity Sci. Rep. 2017 7 8809 10.1038/s41598-017-09400-0
Burgoyne A.P. Engle R.W. Attention control: A cornerstone of higher-order cognition Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 2020 29 624 630 10.1177/0963721420969371
Garon N. Bryson S.E. Smith I.M. Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework Psychol. Bull. 2008 134 31 60 10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.31
Friedman N.P. Miyake A. Unity and diversity of executive functions: Individual differences as a window on cognitive structure Cortex 2017 86 186 204 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.04.023
Miller R. Boeckle M. Jelbert S.A. Frohnwieser A. Wascher C. Clayton N.S. Self-control in crows, parrots and nonhuman primates Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Cogn. Sci. 2019 10 e1504 10.1002/wcs.1504
van Horik J.O. Beardsworth C.E. Laker P.R. Langley E. Whiteside M.A. Madden J.R. Unpredictable environments enhance inhibitory control in pheasants Anim. Cogn. 2019 22 1105 1114 10.1007/s10071-019-01302-0
Diamond A. Developmental time course in human infants and infant monkeys, and the neural bases of, inhibitory control in reaching Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1990 608 637 676 637–669; discussion 669–676 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48913.x 2075965
Carlson S.M. Developmentally sensitive measures of executive function in preschool children Dev. Neuropsychol. 2005 28 595 616 10.1207/s15326942dn2802_3 16144429
Mathy F. Chekaf M. Cowan N. Simple and complex working memory tasks allow similar benefits of information compression J. Cogn. 2018 1 31 10.5334/joc.31 31517204
Turner M.L. Engle R.W. Is working memory capacity task dependent? J. Mem. Lang. 1989 28 127 154 10.1016/0749-596X(89)90040-5
Pailian H. Carey S.E. Halberda J. Pepperberg I.M. Age and Species comparisons of visual mental manipulation ability as evidence for its development and evolution Sci. Rep. 2020 10 7689 10.1038/s41598-020-64666-1
Watanabe S. The Neural Basis of Cognitive Flexibility in Birds Comparative Cognition: Experimental Explorations of Animal Intelligence Wasserman E.A. Zentall T.R. Oxford University Press Oxford, UK 2009 619 636
Husband S. Shimizu T. Reversal learning after lesions in the presumptive nucleus accumbens in pigeons Proc. Int. Conf. Comp. Cogn. 2003 10 25
Watanabe S. Effects of wulst and ectostriatum lesions on repeated acquisition of spatial learning in pigeons Cogn. Brain Res. 2003 17 286 292 10.1016/S0926-6410(03)00129-0
Cohn J. Paule M.G. Repeated acquisition of response sequences: The analysis of behavior in transition Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1995 19 397 406 10.1016/0149-7634(94)00067-B
Watanabe S. Effects of lobus parolfactorius lesions on repeated acquisition of spatial discrimination in pigeons Brain Behav. Evol. 2002 58 333 342 10.1159/000057574
Benowitz L.I. Karten H.J. The tractus infundibulli and other afferents to the parahippocampal region of the pigeon Brain Res. 1976 102 174 180 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90584-9
Bingman V.P. Casini G. Nocjar C. Jones T.-J. Connections of the piriform cortex in homing pigeons (Columba livia) studies with fast blue and WGA-HRP Brain Behav. Evol. 1994 43 206 218 10.1159/000113635
Kahn M.C. Hough G.E. Ten Eyck G.R. Bingman V.P. Internal connectivity of the homing pigeon (Columba livia) hippocampal formation: An anterograde and retrograde tracer study J. Comp. Neurol. 2003 459 127 141 10.1002/cne.10601
Krebs J.R. Erichsen J.T. Bingman V.P. The distribution of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related enzymes in the dorsomedial telencephalon of the pigeon (Columba livia) J. Comp. Neurol. 1991 314 467 477 10.1002/cne.903140305
Good M. Macphail E.M. The avian hippocampus and short-term memory for spatial and non-spatial information Q. J. Exp. Psychol. B 1994 47 293 317
Hampton R. Shettleworth S. Hippocampal lesions impair memory for location but not color in passerine birds Behav. Neurosci. 1996 110 831 835 10.1037/0735-7044.110.4.831
Colombo M. Broadbent N.J. Taylor C.S.R. Frost N. The role of the avian hippocampus in orientation in space and time Brain Res. 2001 919 292 301 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)03050-5
Colombo M. Broadbent N.J. Is the avian hippocampus a functional homologue of the mammalian hippocampus? Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2000 24 465 484 10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00016-6
Kahn M.C. Bingman V.P. Avian hippocampal role in space and content memory Eur. J. Neurosci. 2009 30 1900 1908 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06979.x
Johnston M. Scarf D. Wilson A. Millar J. Bartonicek A. Colombo M. The effects of hippocampal and area parahippocampalis lesions on the processing and retention of serial-order behavior, autoshaping, and spatial behavior in pigeons Hippocampus 2021 31 261 280 10.1002/hipo.23287
Damphousse C.C. Miller N. Marrone D.F. Dissociation of spatial and object memory in the hippocampal formation of Japanese quail iScience 2022 25 103805 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103805
Griffin K.R. Beardsworth C.E. Laker P.R. van Horik J.O. Whiteside M.A. Madden J.R. The inhibitory control of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) weakens when previously learned environmental information becomes unpredictable Anim. Cogn. 2019 23 189 202 10.1007/s10071-019-01328-4 31845017
Duque J.F. Stevens J.R. Cylinder Task Springer New York, NY, USA 2017
Isaksson E. Utku Urhan A. Brodin A. High level of self-control ability in a small passerine bird Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2018 72 118 10.1007/s00265-018-2529-z 30008510
Troisi C.A. Cooke A.C. Davidson G.L. de la Hera I. Reichert M.S. Quinn J.L. No evidence for cross-contextual consistency in spatial cognition or behavioral flexibility in a passerine Anim. Behav. Cogn. 2021 8 446 461 10.26451/abc.08.03.08.2021
Boogert N.J. Anderson R.C. Peters S. Searcy W.A. Nowicki S. Song repertoire size in male song sparrows correlates with detour reaching, but not with other cognitive measures Anim. Behav. 2011 81 1209 1216 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.03.004
Vernouillet A. Anderson J. Clary D. Kelly D.M. Inhibition in Clark’s nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana): Results of a detour-reaching test Anim. Cogn. 2016 19 661 665 10.1007/s10071-016-0952-y
Verbruggen F. McAndrew A. Weidemann G. Stevens T. McLaren I.P. Limits of executive control: Sequential effects in predictable environments Psychol. Sci. 2016 27 748 757 10.1177/0956797616631990
Beran M.J. The comparative science of ‘self-control’: What are we talking about? Front. Psychol. 2015 6 51 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00051
Audet J.-N. Lefebvre L. What’s flexible in behavioral flexibility? Behav. Ecol. 2017 28 943 947 10.1093/beheco/arx007
Meier C. Pant S.R. van Horik J.O. Laker P.R. Langley E. Whiteside M.A. Verbruggen F. Madden J.R. A novel continuous inhibitory-control task: Variation in individual performance by young pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) Anim. Cogn. 2017 20 1035 1047 10.1007/s10071-017-1120-8
Anderson M.C. Levy B. Suppressing unwanted memories Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 2009 18 189 194 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01634.x
Bobrowicz K. O’Hara M. Carminito C. Auersperg A. Osvath M. Goffin’s Cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana) can solve a novel problem after conflicting past experiences Front. Psychol. 2021 12 694719 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694719
Engelhardt P.E. Nigg J.T. Carr L.A. Ferreira F. Cognitive inhibition and working memory in attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2008 117 591 605 10.1037/a0012593 18729611
Friedman N.P. Miyake A. The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: A latentvariable analysis J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 2004 133 101 135 10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.101
Diamond A. Lee K. Interventions and programs demonstrated to aid executive function development in children 4–12 years of age Science 2011 333 959 964 10.1126/science.1204529
Duckworth A.L. Kern M.L. A meta-analysis of the convergent validity of self-control measures J. Res. Personal. 2011 45 259 268 10.1016/j.jrp.2011.02.004
Muraven M. Baumeister R.F. Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychol. Bull. 2000 126 247 259 10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.247
Meier C. Lea S.E.G. McLaren I.P.L. Pigeons in control of their actions: Learning and Performance in stop-signal and change-signal tasks J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Learn. Cogn. 2018 33 82 94 10.1037/xan0000155
Lea S.E.G. Chow P.K.Y. Meier C. McLaren I.P.L. Verbruggen F. Pigeons’ performance in a tracking change-signal procedure is consistent with the independent horse-race model J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Learn. Cogn. 2009 45 464 473 10.1037/xan0000219
Li X. Li B. Lages M. Stoet G. Commentary: Task-switching in pigeons: Associative learning or executive control? Front. Psychol. 2017 8 1420 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01420
Miller D.B. Tallarico R.B. On the correlation of brain size and problem-solving behavior of ring doves and pigeons Brain Behav. Evol. 1974 10 265 273 10.1159/000124318
Kabadayi C. Jacobs I. Osvath M. The development of motor self-regulation in ravens Front. Psychology. 2017 8 2100 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02100 29238321
Stow M.K. Vernouillet A. Kelly D.M. Neophobia does not account for motoric self-regulation performance as measured during the detour-reaching cylinder task Anim. Cogn. 2018 21 565 574 10.1007/s10071-018-1189-8
Morales Picard A. Relationship Quality and Cognition in Orange-Winged Amazons (Amazona amazonica) and Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna) Ph.D. Thesis University of York York, UK 2016
Shaw R.C. Testing cognition in the wild: Factors affecting performance and individual consistency in two measures of avian cognition Behav. Process. 2017 134 31 36 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.06.004 27288883
Piaget J. The Construction of Reality in the Child Basic Books New York, NY, USA 1954
Bond A.B. Kamil A.C. Balda R.P. Serial reversal learning and the evolution of behavioral flexibility in three species of North American corvids (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, Nucifraga columbiana, Aphelocoma californica) J. Comp. Psychol. 2007 121 372 379 10.1037/0735-7036.121.4.372
Gossette R.L. Examination of retention decrement explanation of comparative successive discrimination reversal learning by birds and mammals Percept. Mot. Skills 1968 27 1147 1152 10.2466/pms.1968.27.3f.1147
Diekamp B. Kalt T. Güntürkün O. Working memory neurons in pigeons J. Neurosci. 2002 22 RC210 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-04-j0002.2002
Verbruggen F. Logan G.D. Automatic and controlled response inhibition: Associative learning in the go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 2008 137 649 672 10.1037/a0013170
Boecker M. Gauggel S. Drueke B. Stop or stop-change—Does it make any difference for the inhibition process? Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2013 87 234 243 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.09.009
Kalt T. Diekamp B. Güntürkün O. Single unit activity during a go/nogo task in the “prefrontal cortex” of the pigeon Brain Res. 1999 839 263 278 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01727-8
Vick S.J. Bovet D. Anderson J.R. How do African Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) perform on a delay of gratification task? Anim. Cogn. 2010 13 351 358 10.1007/s10071-009-0284-2
Hillemann F. Bugnyar T. Kotrschal K. Wascher C.A.F. Waiting for better, not for more: Corvids respond to quality in two delay maintenance tasks Anim. Behav. 2014 90 1 10 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.007 25892738
Abeyesinghe S.M. Nicol C.J. Hartnell S.J. Wathes C.M. Can domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus, show self-control Anim. Behav. 2005 70 1 11 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.10.011
Grosch J. Neuringer A. Self-control in pigeons under the Mischel paradigm J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 1981 35 3 21 10.1901/jeab.1981.35-3 16812197
Logue A.W. Chavarro A. Rachlin H. Reeder R.W. Impulsiveness in pigeons living in the experimental chamber Anim. Learn. Behav. 1988 16 31 39 10.3758/BF03209040
Clayton N.S. Dally J. Gilbert J. Dickinson A. Food caching by western scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica) is sensitive to the conditions at recovery J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 2005 31 115 124 10.1037/0097-7403.31.2.115 15839770
Thom J.M. Clayton N.S. No evidence of temporal preferences in caching by Western scrub-jays (Aphelocoma californica) Behav. Proc. 2014 103 173 179 10.1016/j.beproc.2013.12.010
Dufour V. Wascher C.A.F. Braun A. Miller R. Bugnyar T. Corvids can decide if a future exchange is worth waiting for Biol. Lett. 2012 8 201 204 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0726
Koepke A.E. Gray S.L. Pepperberg I.M. Delayed gratification: A grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) will wait for a better reward J. Comp. Psychol. 2015 129 339 346 10.1037/a0039553
Auersperg A.M. Laumer I. Bugnyar T. Goffin cockatoos wait for qualitative and quantitative gains but prefer ‘better’ to ‘more’ Biol. Lett. 2013 9 20121092 10.1098/rsbl.2012.1092
Pepperberg I.M. Rosenberger V.A. Delayed gratification: A grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) will wait for more tokens J. Comp. Psychol. 2022 136 79 89 10.1037/com0000306
Ainslie G.W. Impulse control in pigeons J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 1974 21 485 489 10.1901/jeab.1974.21-485 16811760
Schwing R. Weber S. Bugnyar T. Kea (Nestor notabilis) decide early when to wait in food exchange task J. Comp. Psychol. 2017 131 269 276 10.1037/com0000086 28857604
Cibulski L. Wascher C.A.F. Weiß B.M. Kotrschal K. Familiarity with the experimenter influences the performance of common ravens (Corvus corax) and carrion crows (Corvus corone corone) in cognitive tasks Behav. Process. 2014 103 129 137 10.1016/j.beproc.2013.11.013 24333226
Amita H. Kawamori A. Matsushima T. Social influences of competition on impulsive choices in domestic chicks Biol. Lett. 2010 6 183 186 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0748
Stephens D.W. Anderson D. The adaptive value of preference for immediacy: When shortsighted rules have farsighted consequences Behav. Ecol. 2001 12 330 339 10.1093/beheco/12.3.330
Stephens D.W. Dunlap A.S. Why do animals make better choices in patch-leaving problems? Behav. Process. 2009 80 252 260 10.1016/j.beproc.2008.11.014
Stevens J.R. Kennedy B.A. Morales D. Burks M. The domain specificity of intertemporal choice in pinyon jays Psychon. Bull. Rev. 2016 23 915 921 10.3758/s13423-015-0973-6
Baddeley A.D. Hitch G. Working Memory The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory Bower G.H. Academic Press New York, NY, USA 1974 47 89
Smith E.E. Jonides J. Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes Science 1999 283 1657 1661 10.1126/science.283.5408.1657
Honig W.K. Studies of Working Memory in the Pigeon Cognitive Processes in Animal Cognition Hulse S.H. Fowler H. Honig W.K. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. New Jersey, NJ, USA 1978 211 248
Veit L. Nieder A. Abstract rule neurons in the endbrain support intelligent behaviour in corvid songbirds Nat. Commun. 2013 4 2878 10.1038/ncomms3878
Veit L. Hartmann K. Nieder A. Neuronal correlates of visual working memory in the corvid endbrain J. Neurosci. 2014 34 7778 7786 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0612-14.2014
Ditz H.M. Nieder A. Neurons selective to the number of visual items in the corvid songbird endbrain Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2015 112 7827 7832 10.1073/pnas.1504245112 26056278
Hahn L.A. Rose J. Working memory as an indicator for comparative cognition—Detecting qualitative and quantitative differences Front. Psychol. 2020 11 1954 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01954 32849144
Bobrowicz K. Osvath M. Social context hinders humans but not ravens in a short-term memory task Ethology 2020 126 125 139 10.1111/eth.12971
Scheid C. Bugnyar T. Short-term observational spatial memory in Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) and Ravens (Corvus corax) Anim. Cogn. 2008 11 691 698 10.1007/s10071-008-0160-5 18504626
Becker J.T. Morris R.G. Working memory(s) Brain Cogn. 1999 41 1 8 10.1006/brcg.1998.1092 10536082
Wright A.A. Elmore L.C. Pigeon visual short-term memory directly compared to primates Behav. Process. 2016 123 84 89 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.09.002
Güntürkün O. Ströckens F. Scarf D. Colombo M. Apes, feathered apes, and pigeons: Differences and similarities Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 2017 16 35 40 10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.03.003
Terrace H.S. Chunking by a pigeon in a serial learning task Nature 1987 325 149 151 10.1038/325149a0
Terrace H. Chunking during serial learning by a pigeon: I. Basic evidence J. Exp. Psychol. 1991 17 81 93 10.1037/0097-7403.17.1.81
Conway A.R.A. Engle R.W. Working memory and retrieval: A resource-dependent inhibition model J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 1994 123 354 373 10.1037/0096-3445.123.4.354
Wass C. Pizzo A. Sauce B. Kawasumi Y. Sturzoiu T. Ree F. Matzel L.D. Dopamine D1 sensitivity in the prefrontal cortex predicts general cognitive abilities and is modulated by working memory training Learn. Mem. 2013 20 617 627 10.1101/lm.031971.113 24129098
Santiago H.C. Wright A.A. Pigeon memory: Same/different concept learning, serial probe recognition acquisition, and probe delay effects on the serial position function J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 1984 10 498 512 10.1037/0097-7403.10.4.498 6491609
Crystal J.D. Shettleworth S.J. Spatial list learning in black-capped chickadees Anim. Learn. Behav. 1994 22 77 83 10.3758/BF03199958
Comins J.A. Gentner T.Q. Working memory for patterned sequences of auditory objects in a songbird Cognition 2010 117 38 53 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.06.009 20638052
Lewis J.L. Kamil A.C. Interference effects in the memory for serially presented locations in Clark’s nutcrackers, Nucifraga columbiana J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 2006 32 407 418 10.1037/0097-7403.32.4.407
Wright A.A. Santiago H.C. Sands S.F. Kendrick D.F. Cook R.G. Memory processing of serial lists by pigeons, monkeys, and people Science 1985 229 287 289 10.1126/science.9304205
Maki W.S. Pigeons’ short-term memories for surprising vs. expected reinforcement Anim. Learn. Behav. 1979 7 31 37 10.3758/BF03209653
Tulving E. Markowitsch H.J. Craik F.I. Habib R. Houle S. Novelty and familiarity activations in PET studies of memory encoding and retrieval Cereb. Cortex 1996 6 71 79 10.1093/cercor/6.1.71
Habib R. McIntosh A.R. Wheeler M.A. Tulving E. Memory encoding and hippocampally-based novelty/familiarity discrimination networks Neuropsychologia 2003 41 271 279 10.1016/S0028-3932(02)00160-4
Grant D.S. Roberts W.A. Sources of retroactive inhibition in pigeon short-term memory J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 1976 2 1 16 10.1037/0097-7403.2.1.1
Roberts W.A. Grant D.S. Studies of Short Term Memory in the Pigeon Using the Delayed Matching-to-Sample Procedure Processes of Animal Memory Medin D.L. Roberts W.A. Davis R.T. Erlbaum Hillsdale, NJ, USA 1976 79 112
Roberts W.A. Grant D.S. An analysis of light-induced retroactive inhibition in pigeon short-term memory J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Proc. 1978 4 219 236 10.1037/0097-7403.4.3.219
Mogensen J. Divac I. Behavioural effects of ablation of the pigeon-equivalent of the mammalian prefrontal cortex Behav. Brain Res. 1993 55 101 107 10.1016/0166-4328(93)90012-F
Honig W.K. James P.H.R. Animal Memory Academic Press San Diego, CA, USA 1971
Roberts W.A. Van Veldhuizen N. Spatial memory in pigeons on the radial maze J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 1985 11 241 260 10.1037/0097-7403.11.2.241
Bond A.B. Cook R.G. Lamb M.R. Spatial memory and the performance of rats and pigeons in the radial-arm maze Anim. Learn. Behav. 1981 9 575 580 10.3758/BF03209793
Spetch M.L. Edwards C.A. Spatial memory in pigeons in an open-field feeding environment J. Comp. Psychol. 1986 100 266 278 10.1037/0735-7036.100.3.266
Prior H. Güntürkün O. Parallel working memory for spatial location and food-related object cues in foraging pigeons: Binocular and lateralized monocular performance Learn. Mem. 2001 8 44 51 10.1101/lm.36201
Kamil A.C. Balda R.P. Olson D.J. Performance of four seed-caching corvid species in the radial-arm maze analog J. Comp. Psychol. 1994 108 385 393 10.1037/0735-7036.108.4.385
Balda R.P. Kamil A.C. Bednekoff P.A. Hile A.G. Species differences in spatial memory performance on a three-dimensional task Ethology 1997 103 47 55 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1997.tb00006.x
Balda R.P. Kamil A.C. The spatial memory of Clark’s nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) in an analogue of the radial arm maze Anim. Learn. Behav. 1988 16 116 122
Hilton S.C. Krebs J.R. Spatial memory of four species of Parus: Performance in an open-field analogue of a radial maze Q. J. Exp. Psychol. B 1991 42B 345 368
Sulikowski D. Burke D. Food-specific spatial memory biases in an omnivorous bird Biol. Lett. 2007 3 245 248 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0122 17426005
Sulikowski D. Burke D. Win-shift and win-stay learning in the rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus haemotodus) J. Comp. Psychol. 2011 125 143 149 10.1037/a0023249 21604850
Sulikowski D. Burke D. Win shifting in nectarivorous birds: Selective inhibition of the learned win-stay response Anim. Behav. 2012 83 519 524 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.11.030
Kamil A.C. Jones T.B. Pietrewicz A. Mauldin J.E. Positive transfer from successive reversal training to learning set in blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1977 91 79 86 10.1037/h0077295
Vallortigara G. Reglon L. Rigoni M. Zanforlin M. Delayed search for a concealed imprinted object in the domestic chick Anim. Cogn. 1998 1 17 24 10.1007/s100710050003
Regolin L. Rugani R. Pagni P. Vallortigara G. Delayed search for a social and a non-social goal object by the young domestic chick (Gallus gallus) Anim. Behav. 2005 70 855 864 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.01.014
Regolin L. Vallortigara G. Zanforlin M. Object and spatial representations in detour problems by chicks Anim. Behav. 1995 49 195 199 10.1016/0003-3472(95)80167-7
Zucca P. Antonelli F. Vallortigara G. Detour behaviour in three species of birds: Quails (Coturnix sp.), herring gulls (Larus cachinnans) and canaries (Serinus canaria) Anim. Cogn. 2005 8 122 128 10.1007/s10071-004-0243-x
Kalenscher T. Güntürkün O. Calabrese P. Gehlen W. Kalt T. Diekamp B. Neural correlates of a default response in a delayed go/no-go task J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 2005 84 521 535 10.1901/jeab.2005.86-04
Zentall T.R. Urcuioli P.J. Jagielo J.A. Jackson-Smith P. Interaction of sample dimension and sample comparison mapping on pigeons’ performance of delayed conditional discriminations Anim. Learn. Behav. 1989 17 172 178 10.3758/BF03207632
Grant D.S. Symmetrical and asymmetrical coding of food and no-food samples in delayed matching in pigeons J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 1991 17 186 193 10.1037/0097-7403.17.2.186
Sherburne L.M. Zentall T.R. Coding of feature and no-feature events by pigeons performing a delayed conditional discrimination Anim. Learn. Behav. 1993 21 92 100 10.3758/BF03213387
Milmine M. Watanabe A. Colombo M. Neural correlates of directed forgetting in the avian prefrontal cortex Behav. Neurosci. 2008 122 199 209 10.1037/0735-7044.122.1.199
O’Hara M. Huber L. Gajdon G.K. The advantage of objects over images in discrimination and reversal learning by kea, Nestor notabilis Anim. Behav. 2015 101 51 60 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.12.022 25745190
Blough D.S. Delayed matching in the pigeon J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 1959 2 151 160 10.1901/jeab.1959.2-151
Skov-Rackette S.I. Miller N.Y. Shettleworth S.J. What-where-when memory in pigeons J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Proc. 2006 32 345 358 10.1037/0097-7403.32.4.345
Smith L. Delayed discrimination and delayed matching in pigeons J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 1967 10 529 533 10.1901/jeab.1967.10-529
White K.G. Characteristics of forgetting functions in delayed matching to sample J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 1985 44 15 34 10.1901/jeab.1985.44-15
Roberts W.A. Distribution of trials and intertrial retention in delayed matching to sample with pigeons J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 1980 6 217 237 10.1037/0097-7403.6.3.217
Zentall T. Hogan D.E. Howard M.M. Moore B.S. Delayed matching in the pigeon: Effect on performance of sample-specific observing responses and differential delay behavior Learn. Motiv. 1978 9 202 218 10.1016/0023-9690(78)90020-6
Zentall T.R. Smith A.P. Delayed matching-to-sample: A tool to assess memory and other cognitive processes in pigeons Behav. Process. 2016 123 26 42 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.07.002 26165174
Roberts W.A. Strang C. Macpherson K. Memory systems interaction in the pigeon: Working and reference memory J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Learn. Cogn. 2015 41 152 162 10.1037/xan0000053 25734757
Colombo M. Swain N. Harper D. Alsop B. The effects of hippocampal and area parahippocampalis lesions in pigeons: I. Delayed matching to sample Q. J. Exp. Psychol. B Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 1997 50 149 171
Browning R. Overmier J.B. Colombo M. Delay activity in avian prefrontal cortex—Sample code or reward code? Eur. J. Neurosci. 2011 33 726 735 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07540.x
Johnston M. Anderson C. Colombo M. Neural correlates of sample-coding and reward-coding in the delay activity of neurons in the entopallium and nidopallium caudolaterale of pigeons (Columba livia) Behav. Brain Res. 2017 317 382 392 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.003
Nakagawa S. Etheredge R.J. Foster T.M. Sumpter C.E. Temple W. The effects of changes in consequences on hens performance’ in delayed-matching-to-sample tasks Behav. Proc. 2004 67 441 451 10.1016/j.beproc.2004.07.005
Brodbeck D.R. Shettleworth S.J. Matching location and color of a compound stimulus: Comparison of a food-storing and a nonstoring bird species J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Proc. 1995 21 64 77 10.1037/0097-7403.21.1.64
Hampton R.R. Shettleworth S.J. Westwood R.P. Proactive interference, recency, and associative strength: Comparisons of black-capped chickadees and dark-eyed juncos Anim. Learn. Behav. 1998 26 475 485 10.3758/BF03199241
Ducatez S. Audet J.N. Lefebvre L. Problem-solving and learning in Carib grackles: Individuals show a consistent speed–accuracy trade-off Anim. Cogn. 2015 18 485 496 10.1007/s10071-014-0817-1
Hartmann K. Veit L. Nieder A. Neurons in the crow nidopallium caudolaterale encode varying durations of visual working memory periods Exp. Brain Res. 2017 30 215 226 10.1007/s00221-017-5120-3
Olson D.J. Species differences in spatial memory among Clark’s nutcrackers, scrub jays, and pigeons J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 1991 17 363 376 10.1037/0097-7403.17.4.363 1744593
Johnston M. Anderson C. Colombo M. Pigeon NCL and NFL neuronal activity represents neural correlates of the sample Behav. Neurosci. 2017 131 213 219 10.1037/bne0000198 28471222
Riters L.V. Bingman V.P. The effects of lesions to the caudolateral neostriatum on sun compass based spatial learning in homing pigeons Behav. Brain. Res. 1999 98 1 15 10.1016/S0166-4328(98)00045-X
Johnston M. Porter B. Colombo M. Delay activity in pigeon nidopallium caudolaterale during a variable-delay memory task Behav. Neurosci. 2019 133 563 568 10.1037/bne0000339 31464458
Olson D.J. Kamil A.C. Balda R.P. Nims P.J. Performance of four-seed caching corvid species in operant tests of nonspatial and spatial memory J. Comp. Psychol. 1995 109 173 10.1037/0735-7036.109.2.173
Zokoll M.A. Klump G.M. Langemann U. Auditory short-term memory persistence for tonal signals in a songbird J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Index. 2007 121 2842 2851 10.1121/1.2713721
Zokoll M.A. Naue N. Herrmann C.S. Langemann U. Auditory memory: A comparison between humans and starlings Brain Res. 2008 1220 33 46 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.049
Straub R.O. Terrace H.S. Generalization of serial learning in the pigeon Anim. Learn. Behav. 1981 9 454 468 10.3758/BF03209775
Griffin A.S. Guez D. Lermite F. Patience M. Tracking changing environments: Innovators are fast, but not flexible learners PLoS ONE 2013 8 e84907 10.1371/journal.pone.0084907
Jelbert S.A. Taylor A.H. Gray R.D. Does absolute brain size really predict self-control? Hand-tracking training improves performance on the A-not-B task Biol. Lett. 2016 12 20150871 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0871
Shaw R.C. Boogert N.J. Clayton N.S. Burns K.C. Wild psychometrics: Evidence for ‘general’ cognitive performance in wild New Zealand robins. Petroica longipes Anim. Behav. 2015 109 101 111 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.08.001
Audet J.N. Ducatez S. Lefebvre L. The town bird and the country bird: Problem solving and immunocompetence vary with urbanization Behav. Ecol. 2016 27 637 644 10.1093/beheco/arv201
Boogert N.J. Monceau K. Lefebvre L. A field test of behavioural flexibility in Zenaida doves (Zenaida aurita) Behav. Process. 2010 85 135 141 10.1016/j.beproc.2010.06.020 20615457
Anderson R.C. Searcy W.A. Peters S. Hughes M. DuBois A.L. Nowicki S. Song learning and cognitive ability are not consistently related in a songbird Anim. Cogn. 2017 20 309 320 10.1007/s10071-016-1053-7
Tebbich S. Sterelny K. Teschke I. The tale of the finch: Adaptive radiation and behavioural flexibility Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2010 365 1099 1109 10.1098/rstb.2009.0291
Tebbich S. Teschke I. Coping with uncertainty: Woodpecker finches (Cactospiza pallida) from an unpredictable habitat are more flexible than birds from a stable habitat PLoS ONE 2014 9 e91718 10.1371/journal.pone.0091718
Isden J. Panayi C. Dingle C. Madden J. Performance in cognitive and problem-solving tasks in male spotted bowerbirds does not correlate with mating success Anim. Behav. 2013 86 829 838 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.07.024
Croston R. Branch C.L. Pitera A.M. Kozlovsky D.Y. Bridge E.S. Parchman T.L. Pravosudov V.V. Predictably harsh environment is associated with reduced cognitive flexibility in wild food-caching mountain chickadees Anim. Behav. 2017 123 139 149 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.10.004
Tello-Ramos M.C. Branch C.L. Pitera A.M. Kozlovsky D.Y. Bridge E.S. Pravosudov V.V. Memory in wild mountain chickadees from different elevations: Comparing first-year birds with older survivors Anim. Behav. 2018 137 149 160 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.12.019
Ashton B.J. Ridley A.R. Edwards E.K. Thornton A. Cognitive performance is linked to group size and affects fitness in Australian magpies Nature 2018 554 364 367 10.1038/nature25503
Range F. Bugnyar T. Schlögl C. Kotrschal K. Individual and sex differences in learning abilities of ravens Behav. Process. 2006 73 100 106 10.1016/j.beproc.2006.04.002 16675158
Range F. Bugnyar T. Kotrschal K. The performance of ravens on simple discrimination tasks: A preliminary study Acta Ethol. 2008 11 34 41 10.1007/s10211-008-0039-0 25948877
van Horik J.O. Emery N.J. Serial reversal learning and cognitive flexibility in two species of Neotropical parrots (Diopsittaca nobilis and Pionites melanocephala) Behav. Process. 2018 157 664 672 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.04.002 29656091
Hile A.G. Comparative tests of general intelligence between social and asocial North American seed-caching corvids Diss. Abstr. Int. B Sci. Eng. 1999 59 3287
Lissek S. Diekamp B. Güntürkün O. Impaired learning of a colour reversal task after NMDA receptor blockade in the pigeon (Columba livia) associative forebrain (Neostriatum Caudolaterale) Behav. Neurosci. 2002 116 523 529 10.1037/0735-7044.116.4.523
Logan C.J. Behavioral flexibility and problem solving in an invasive bird PeerJ 2016 4 e1975 10.7717/peerj.1975
Soha J.A. Peters S. Anderson R.C. Searcy W.A. Nowicki S. Performance on tests of cognitive ability is not repeatable across years in a songbird Anim. Behav. 2019 158 281 288 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.09.020
Laschober M. Mundry R. Huber L. Schwing R. Kea (Nestor notabilis) show flexibility and individuality in within-session reversal learning tasks Anim. Cogn. 2021 24 1339 1351 10.1007/s10071-021-01524-1
Lois-Milevicich J. Cerrutti M. Kacelnik A. Reboreda J.C. Sex differences in learning flexibility in an avian brood parasite, the shiny cowbird Behav. Proc. 2021 189 104438 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104438
Morand-Ferron J. Reichert M.S. Quinn J.L. Cognitive flexibility in the wild: Individual differences in reversal learning are explained primarily by proactive interference, not by sampling strategies, in two passerine bird species Learn. Behav. 2022 10.3758/s13420-021-00505-1
Ryding S. Garnham L.C. Abbey-Lee R.N. Petkova I. Kreshchenko A. Løvlie H. Impulsivity is affected by cognitive enrichment and links to brain gene expression in red junglefowl chicks Anim. Behav. 2021 178 195 207 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.06.007
Castro L. Wasserman E.A. Executive control and task switching in pigeons Cognition 2016 146 121 135 10.1016/j.cognition.2015.07.014 26407340
Watanabe S. Effects of hippocampal lesions on repeated acquisition of spatial discrimination in pigeons Behav. Brain Res. 2001 120 59 66 10.1016/S0166-4328(00)00358-2
Darby K.P. Castro L. Wasserman E.A. Sloutsky V.M. Cognitive flexibility and memory in pigeons, human children, and adults Cognition 2018 177 30 40 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.03.015 29627718
Watanabe S. Lesions in the basal ganglion and hippocampus on performance in a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-like task in pigeons Physiol. Behav. 2005 85 324 332 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.04.020 15936047
Cook R.G. Rosen H.A. Temporal control of internal states in pigeons Psychon. Bull. Rev. 2010 17 915 922 10.3758/PBR.17.6.915
Meier C. Lea S.E. McLaren I.P. Task-switching in pigeons: Associative learning or executive control? J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Learn. Cogn. 2016 42 163 176 10.1037/xan0000100
Vandierendonck A. Liefooghe B. Verbruggen F. Task switching: Interplay of reconfiguration and interference control Psychol. Bull 2010 136 601 626 10.1037/a0019791
Avdagic E. Jensen G. Altschul D. Terrace H.S. Rapid cognitive flexibility of rhesus macaques performing psychophysical task-switching Anim. Cogn. 2014 17 619 631 10.1007/s10071-013-0693-0
Stoet G. Snyder L.H. Executive control and task-switching in monkeys Neuropsychologia 2003 41 1357 1364 10.1016/S0028-3932(03)00048-4
Teschke I. Cartmill E.A. Stankewitz S. Tebbich S. Sometimes tool use is not the key: No evidence for cognitive adaptive specializations in toolusing woodpecker finches Anim. Behav. 2001 82 945 956 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.032
Tebbich S. Stankewitz S. Teschke I. The relationship between foraging, learning abilities and neophobia in two species of Darwin’s finches Ethology 2012 118 135 146 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.02001.x
Völter C. Tinklenberg B. Call J. Seed A.M. Comparative psychometrics: Establishing what differs is central to understanding what evolves Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B 2018 373 20170283 10.1098/rstb.2017.0283 30104428
Medina-García A. Wright T.F. An integrative measure of cognitive performance, but not individual task performance, is linked to male reproductive output in budgerigars Sci. Rep. 2021 11 11775 10.1038/s41598-021-91213-3 34083674
Shaw R.C. Schmelz M. Cognitive test batteries in animal cognition research: Evaluating the past, present and future of comparative psychometrics Anim. Cogn. 2017 20 1003 1018 10.1007/s10071-017-1135-1
Lambert M. Farrar B.G. Garcia-Pelegrin E. Reber S.A. Miller R. ManyBirds: A multi-site collaborative open science approach to avian cognition and behaviour research Anim. Behav. Cogn. 2022 9 133 152 10.26451/abc.09.01.11.2022
Kemp M.E. Cognition and problem solving using detour reaching and novel object tasks in the Budgerigar Distinct. P. 2016 29 Available online: https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/stu_dist/29 (accessed on 15 September 2021)
Regolin L. Vallortigara G. Zanforlin M. Perceptual and motivational aspects of detour behaviour in young chicks Anim. Behav. 1994 47 123 131 10.1006/anbe.1994.1014
Regolin L. Vallortigara G. Zanforlin M. Detour behaviour in the domestic chick: Searching for a disappearing prey or a disappearing social partner Anim. Behav. 1995 50 203 211 10.1006/anbe.1995.0232
Vallortigara G. Regolin L. Facing an Obstacle: Lateralization of Object and Spatial Cognition Comparative Vertebrate Lateralization Andrew R.J. Rogers L.J. Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK 2002 383 444
Vallortigara G. The Cognitive Chicken: Visual and Spatial Cognition in a Non-Mammalian Brain Comparative Cognition: Experimental Explorations of Animal Intelligence Wasserman E.A. Zentall T.R. Oxford University Press Oxford, UK 2006 41 58
Garnham L.C. Boddington R. Løvlie H. Variation in inhibitory control does not influence social rank, foraging efficiency, or risk taking, in red junglefowl females Anim. Cogn. 2022 10.1007/s10071-022-01598-5
Green L. Myerson J. Holt D.D. Slevin J.R. Estle S.J. Discounting of delayed food rewards in pigeons and rats: Is there a magnitude effect? J. Exp. Anal. Behav. 2004 81 39 50 10.1901/jeab.2004.81-39 15113132
Meier C. Sepehri P. Kelly D.M. Age affects pigeons’ (Columba livia) memory capacity but not representation of serial order during a locomotor sequential-learning task Sci. Rep. 2021 11 17162 10.1038/s41598-021-96360-1 34433844
Chen J. Chen L. Yan C. Yu Z. Zou Y. Sun Y.-H. Are cognition and personality related in budgerigars? Curr. Zool. 2021 1 9 10.1093/cz/zoab069
Teschke I. Wascher C.A.F. Scriba M.F. von Bayern A.M.P. Huml V. Siemers B. Tebbich S. Did tool-use evolve with enhanced physical cognitive abilities? Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2013 368 20120418 10.1098/rstb.2012.0418 24101628