Consensual and non-consensual sexting among adolescents: Emotional correlates and links to cyberaggression.

Sexting — defined as the exchange of self-produced erotic images via digital media — has become increasingly common among adolescents. While often consensual and embedded in romantic or flirtatious interactions, sexting can also include non-consensual elements, such as unsolicited messages, which may be perceived as intrusive or aggressive. Despite growing public and academic interest, empirical data from German adolescents remain limited.

This exploratory study examines consensual and non-consensual sexting experiences, associated emotions, and potential links to cyberaggression. A total of 87 students (63.2% female) aged 12–20 years (M = 15.98) participated in an online survey. Over half (56.3%) reported having received a sext, and 20.7% had sent one. While sexting mostly occurred within romantic contexts or early dating, many girls reported receiving unsolicited sexts from strangers. These experiences were often accompanied by negative emotions such as discomfort or fear, suggesting a connection to non-consensual digital interactions and possible forms of cyberaggression.

No significant gender differences emerged in sending behavior, though age was positively correlated with sexting frequency. The results are discussed in relation to adolescent identity development, sexual socialization, and online boundary violations.

Findings underscore the dual role of sexting as both a normative part of adolescent intimacy and a potential channel for digital misconduct. The study highlights the importance of educational efforts that promote not only informed and respectful online behavior but also strategies for recognizing and managing unwanted or pressuring forms of digital sexual communication among youth.