Effects of theta burst stimulation on the interoceptive brain network and cardiac interoception

[en] Interoception, the perception and processing of signals from within the body, plays a central role in various aspects of human cognition, affect, and behavior. This study investigates the effects of theta burst stimulation (TBS) on cardiac interoception, focusing on modulation of activity of the interoceptive brain network (IBN). Twenty-two participants underwent three stimulation protocols: an inhibitory (continuous TBS, cTBS), a facilitatory (intermittent TBS, iTBS), and an ineffective control (intermediate TBS, imTBS) protocol, targeting the right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG). Stimulation of the rSMG allows, thanks to its strong functional connectivity with the right anterior insula, an indirect modulation of the activity of the IBN. We observed an increase in heartbeat-evoked potentials following facilitatory stimulation (iTBS), suggesting increased activity within the interoceptive network. In contrast, we found no effects of inhibitory (cTBS) or ineffective control (imTBS) protocols on HEPs. Furthermore, cardiac interoceptive accuracy (IAc) in a heartbeat perception task was not significantly affected by the different stimulation protocols. In conclusion, the current rSMG facilitation protocol based on iTBS is the first to enhance activity in the IBN. The result that only HEPs, but not cardiac IAc was affected, suggests that rSMG stimulation selectively enhances cardiac interoceptive attention.

Disciplines :

Neurosciences & behavior

Author, co-author :

LAI, Lisa ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences > Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences > Team André SCHULZ

Bergmann, Til Ole

VÖGELE, Claus ; University of Luxembourg

Cimino, Jonathan

Salles, Damien

VAN DER MEULEN, Marian ; University of Luxembourg

SCHMIDT, Tabea Franziska ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences > Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences > Team André SCHULZ

SCHULZ, André ; University of Luxembourg

External co-authors :

yes

Language :

English

Title :

Effects of theta burst stimulation on the interoceptive brain network and cardiac interoception

Publication date :

October 2025

Journal title :

Brain Research

ISSN :

0006-8993

eISSN :

1872-6240

Publisher :

Elsevier BV

Volume :

1868

Pages :

149996

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0006899325005591?httpAccept=text/xml

Funders :

Université du Luxembourg

Available on ORBilu :

since 13 October 2025

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