DeceptiLens: An Approach supporting Transparency in Deceptive Pattern Detection based on a Multimodal Large Language Model

To detect deceptive design patterns on UIs, traditional artificial intelligence models, such as machine learning, have limited coverage and a lack of multimodality. In contrast, the capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Model (MM-LLM) can achieve wider coverage with superior performance in the detection, while providing reasoning behind each decision. We propose and implement an MM-LLM-based approach (DeceptiLens) that analyzes UIs and assesses the presence of deceptive design patterns. We utilize Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) process in our design and task the model with capturing the deceptive patterns, classifying its category, e.g., false hierarchy, confirmshaming, etc., and explaining the reasoning behind the classifications by employing recent prompt engineering techniques, such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT). We first create a dataset by collecting UI screenshots from the literature and web sources and quantify the agreement between the model's outputs and a few experts' opinions. We additionally ask experts to gauge the transparency of the system's explanations for its classifications in terms of recognized metrics of clarity, correctness, completeness, and verifiability. The results indicate that our approach is capable of capturing the deceptive patterns in UIs with high accuracy while providing clear, correct, complete, and verifiable justifications for its decisions. We additionally release two curated datasets, one with expert-labeled UIs with deceptive design patterns, and one with AI-based generated explanations. Lastly, we propose recommendations for future improvement of the approach in various contexts of use.