[en] The layer-dependent Debye temperature of Ru(0001) is determined by means of high-energy resolution core-level photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The possibility to disentangle three different components in the Ru 3𝑑5/2 spectrum of Ru(0001), originating from bulk, first-, and second-layer atoms, allowed us to follow the temperature evolution of their photoemission line shapes and binding energies. Temperature effects were detected, namely, a lattice thermal expansion and a layer-dependent phonon broadening, which was interpreted within the framework of the Hedin-Rosengren formalism based on the Debye theory. The resulting Debye temperature of the top-layer atoms is 295±10 K, lower than that of the bulk (𝑇=668±5 K) and second-layer (𝑇=445±10 K) atoms. While these results are in agreement with the expected phonon softening at the surface, we show that a purely harmonic description of the motion of the surface atoms is not valid, since anharmonic effects contribute significantly to the position and line shape of the different core-level components.
Disciplines :
Physics
Author, co-author :
Ferrari, E.
Galli, L.
Miniussi, E.
Morri, M.
PANIGHEL, Mirco ; UNITS - University of Trieste > Physics Department, Via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
Ricci, M.
Lacovig, P.
Lizzit, S.
Baraldi, A.
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Layer-dependent Debye temperature and thermal expansion of Ru(0001) by means of high-energy resolution core-level photoelectron spectroscopy
Publication date :
10 November 2010
Journal title :
Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
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