Emotions in Language Learning

Learner emotions have long been considered to be the elephant in the room—not spoken of and considered less important than cognitive variables. The last decade has seen a paradigm shift after the introduction of key concepts from Positive Psychology and Dynamic Systems Theory. In the current contribution, we focus firstly on four broad foreign language learner emotions and their measurement: Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety, Enjoyment, Boredom, and Peace of Mind. Secondly, we present more granular instruments to measure task enjoyment, writing enjoyment, and writing boredom. We also briefly report on their relationships with each other and on their primary sources and provide some pedagogical implications.