Comprehensive characterization of European house dust contaminants: Concentrations and profiles, geographical variability, and implications for chemical regulation and health risk.
Geographical trends; House dust; Human exposome; Mass spectrometry; Organic contaminant profiling; Risk assessment; Dust; Air Pollutants; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Europe; Risk Assessment; Humans; Air Pollutants/analysis; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis; Air Pollution, Indoor/statistics & numerical data; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis; Dust/analysis; Environmental Monitoring; Collaborative trial; Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; Geographical variability; Non-target screenings; Organic contaminant; Risks assessments; Air Pollution, Indoor; Environmental Engineering; Environmental Chemistry; Waste Management and Disposal; Pollution
Abstract :
[en] This study investigated the concentration profiles and geographical variability of contaminants in house dust across Europe. A collaborative trial (CT) was organized by the NORMAN network using pooled dust and advanced chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques combined with suspect screening and non-target screening (NTS). Over 1200 anthropogenic compounds were tentatively identified. Additionally, seventy-five individual samples were subjected to target analysis and NTS. The median concentrations of most contaminants varied <3-fold across Europe, and the contaminant profile of European dust was similar to that of North American dust, which was investigated in a previous CT. This similarity may be attributed to the use of similar consumer articles and building materials throughout the developed world. Multivariate data analysis revealed geographical trends in contaminant distribution, with north-south gradients across Europe. Geographical trends were more frequently found for compounds with rapid release (pharmaceuticals, personal care products, fragrances, pesticides, biocides) and smoke-related compounds. The concentrations of chlorinated paraffins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluorinated alkyl substances and stimulants generally increased from north to south, whereas the biocides levels decreased from north to south. Despite widespread presence of in-use contaminants in dusts, some of the highest risks come from compounds that have been restricted for decades or more. These include di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 118 and polybrominated diphenyl ethers 47, 99, and 153. DEHP remains the most abundant contaminant in European house dust, while the other compounds are classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Moreover, there is a striking lack of reliable toxicity data, particularly for emerging compounds. For instance, although acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) were examined for 202 compounds, only 46 had consensus-based ADI values. The results highlight the need for proactive measures to prevent hazardous chemicals from entering the market and for careful selection of substitute chemicals, when such are needed, to avoid regrettable substitutions.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Haglund, Peter; Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden. Electronic address: peter.haglund@chem.umu.se
Alygizakis, Nikiforos A; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, 15771 Athens, Greece, Environmental Institute, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic
Covaci, Adrian; University of Antwerp, Toxicological Centre, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
Albinet, Alexandre; INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
Alirai, Sylvana; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, 15771 Athens, Greece
AURICH, Dagny ; University of Luxembourg > Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine > Environmental Cheminformatics > Team Emma SCHYMANSKI
Bieber, Stefan; AFIN-TS, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
Ballesteros-Gómez, Ana; University of Córdoba, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
Brennan, Amanda A; United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27709, USA
Budzinski, Hélène; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, F-33600 Pessac, France
Castro, Gabriela; NTNU, Department of Chemistry, 7491 Trondheim, Norway, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Aquatic One Health Research Center (ARCUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
den Ouden, Fatima; University of Antwerp, Toxicological Centre, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
Dévier, Marie-Hélène; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, LPTC, F-33600 Pessac, France
Dulio, Valeria; INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
Feng, Yong-Lai; Health Canada, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, 51 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
Gabriel, Marta; INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Gallampois, Christine; Umeå University, Department of Chemistry, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
García-Vara, Manuel; IDAEA-CSIC, Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Giovanoulis, Georgios; IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SE-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden
Harrad, Stuart; University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
Jacobs, Griet; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Unit Materials and Chemistry (MATCH), 2400 Mol, Belgium
Jobst, Karl J; Memorial University of Newfoundland, 45 Arctic Ave., St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1C 5S7, Canada
Kaserzon, Sarit; The Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
Kumirska, Jolanta; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
Lestremau, Francois; INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France, Hydrosciences Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, IRD, CNRS, Ales 30100, France
Lambropoulou, Dimitra; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, GR - 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Letzel, Thomas; AFIN-TS, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
de Alda, Miren López; IDAEA-CSIC, Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Nipen, Maja; NILU, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
Oswald, Peter; Environmental Institute, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic
Poma, Giulia; University of Antwerp, Toxicological Centre, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
Wei, Si; Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
Slobodnik, Jaroslav; Environmental Institute, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic
TALAVERA ANDÚJAR, Begoña ; University of Luxembourg > Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) > Environmental Cheminformatics
Täubel, Martin; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Department of Public Health, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
Thomaidis, Nikolaos S; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Chemistry, 15771 Athens, Greece
Wang, Thanh; Örebro University, Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
Wang, Xianyu; Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Unit Materials and Chemistry (MATCH), 2400 Mol, Belgium
Comprehensive characterization of European house dust contaminants: Concentrations and profiles, geographical variability, and implications for chemical regulation and health risk.
The NORMAN Association Working Group 6 on Indoor Environments and Ambient Air and Cross Working Group on NTS are acknowledged for initiating the collaborative trial and geographic distribution study. The work at the University of Antwerp was financially supported by the Interuniversity Special Research Fund from Flanders (GISMO 01IB1320 , Flexigut project ), and the Exposome Centre of Excellence of the University of Antwerp ( BOF grant, Antigoon database number 41222 ). The work at Masaryk University was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA\u010CR), project No. 22-32743S and the RECETOX Research Infrastructure (No LM2023069 ) financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports , and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 857560 . Michal Novakowski, Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna\u0144, Poland is acknowledged for assistance with sampling. BTA, DA & ELS acknowledge Randolph Singh and NTNU acknowledge Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos and Dr. Susana V. Gonzalez for technical assistance in the analysis of their samples. BTA acknowledges funding from the \u201CMicrobiomes in One Health\u201D PhD training program, supported by the PRIDE doctoral research funding scheme ( PRIDE/11823097 ) of the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR). ELS, DA acknowledge funding support from the FNR for project A18/BM/12341006 . DA acknowledges funding from the University of Luxembourg Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) for the Audacity project \u201CLuxTIME\u201D. The work at University of Bordeaux (UB) was supported by the PLATINE Infrastructure , financed by the \u201CR\u00E9gion Nouvelle Aquitaine\u201D and the French Research Ministry ( CPER A2E ), by the French National Agency (TRANSPRO project; ANR-18-CE04-0006 ), and by the Nouvelle Aquitaine Region (ETRAC project). UB acknowledge C. Gardia-Parege and E. Geneste for technical assistance in the analysis of their samples. TW acknowledges the funding from FORMAS (2020-01163). The work at IDAEA-CSIC was supported by the by the grant CEX2018\u2013000794-S funded by MCIN/AEI (10.13039/501100011033) and by the Government of Catalonia ( 2021 SGR 00753 ). AA, FL and VD acknowledges funding from the French Ministry of Environment. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This publication reflects only the authors\u2019 view, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.The NORMAN Association Working Group 6 on Indoor Environments and Ambient Air and Cross Working Group on NTS are acknowledged for initiating the collaborative trial and geographic distribution study. The work at the University of Antwerp was financially supported by the Interuniversity Special Research Fund from Flanders (GISMO 01IB1320, Flexigut project), and the Exposome Centre of Excellence of the University of Antwerp (BOF grant, Antigoon database number 41222). The work at Masaryk University was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA\u010CR), project No. 22-32743S and the RECETOX Research Infrastructure (No LM2023069) financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 857560. Michal Novakowski, Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna\u0144, Poland is acknowledged for assistance with sampling. BTA, DA & ELS acknowledge Randolph Singh and NTNU acknowledge Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos and Dr. Susana V. Gonzalez for technical assistance in the analysis of their samples. BTA acknowledges funding from the \u201CMicrobiomes in One Health\u201D PhD training program, supported by the PRIDE doctoral research funding scheme (PRIDE/11823097) of the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR). ELS, DA acknowledge funding support from the FNR for project A18/BM/12341006. DA acknowledges funding from the University of Luxembourg Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) for the Audacity project \u201CLuxTIME\u201D. The work at University of Bordeaux (UB) was supported by the PLATINE Infrastructure, financed by the \u201CR\u00E9gion Nouvelle Aquitaine\u201D and the French Research Ministry (CPER A2E), by the French National Agency (TRANSPRO project; ANR-18-CE04-0006), and by the Nouvelle Aquitaine Region (ETRAC project). UB acknowledge C. Gardia-Parege and E. Geneste for technical assistance in the analysis of their samples. TW acknowledges the funding from FORMAS (2020-01163). The work at IDAEA-CSIC was supported by the by the grant CEX2018\u2013000794-S funded by MCIN/AEI (10.13039/501100011033) and by the Government of Catalonia (2021 SGR 00753). AA, FL and VD acknowledges funding from the French Ministry of Environment. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This publication reflects only the authors\u2019 view, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
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