Adsorption; Ca-Alg-Al dross beads development; Constructed wetlands; Eutrophication; Lentic ecosystem remediation; Nature-based wastewater treatment; P recovery; Phosphates; Aluminum; Ammonium Compounds; Alginates; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification/methods; Aluminum/chemistry; Alginates/chemistry; Wastewater/chemistry; Nutrients; Wetlands; Phosphates/chemistry; Aluminum dross; Ammonium removal; Ca-alg-al dross bead development; Constructed wetland; Phosphate removal; Vertical flow constructed wetlands; Wetland systems; Water Purification; Bioengineering; Environmental Engineering; Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract :
[en] On global scale, eutrophication is one of the most prevalent environmental threats to water quality, primarily caused by elevated concentration of nutrients in wastewater. This study utilizes aluminum dross (AD), an industrial waste, to create a value-added material by improving its operational feasibility and application for removing phosphate and ammonium from water. The operational challenges of AD such as its powdered nature and effective operation under only extreme pH conditions were addressed by immobilizing in calcium alginate to form calcium alginate aluminium dross (Ca-Alg-Al dross) beads. These Ca-Alg-Al dross beads were further tested for phosphate and ammonium removal from natural wastewater in two different aqueous environment systems: (i) vertical flow constructed wetlands (VF-CWs) followed by Ca-Alg-Al dross beads fixed bed system and (ii) Ca-Alg-Al dross beads mounted floating constructed wetlands (FCW) for remediating polluted lentic ecosystems. Our results show maximum phosphate and ammonium removal of 85 ± 0.41 % and 93.44 %, respectively, in VF-CWs followed by Ca-Alg-Al dross beads fixed bed system. The Ca-Alg-Al dross beads mounted FCW system achieved maximum phosphate removal of 79.18 ± 8.56 % and ammonium removal of 65.45 ± 21.04 %. Furthermore, the treated water from the FCW system was assessed for its potential to inhibit algal growth by artificially inoculating treated water with natural algae to simulate eutrophic conditions. Interestingly, treated water from the FCW system was found capable of arresting the algal growth. Besides, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the functional groups and surface properties and probable participation of multiple mechanisms including ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and ligand complexation for phosphate and ammonium removal. Overall, these results offer a promising way to utilize AD for high-end applications in wastewater treatment.
Disciplines :
Civil engineering
Author, co-author :
MITTAL, Yamini ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Engineering (DoE) ; Ingenieurgesellschaft Janisch & Schulz mbH, Münzenberg 35516, Germany, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
Srivastava, Pratiksha; Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
Kumar, Naresh; Soil Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherland
Tripathy, Bankim Chandra; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
Martinez, Fernando; Chemical & Environmental Engineering Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain, Instituto de Investigación de Tecnologías para la Sostenibilidad, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
Yadav, Asheesh Kumar; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India, Chemical & Environmental Engineering Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain. Electronic address: asheesh.yadav@gmail.com
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Nutrient removal in floating and vertical flow constructed wetlands using aluminium dross: An innovative approach to mitigate eutrophication.
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