Africa South of the Sahara; Diabetes mellitus; PAID; Problem areas in diabetes; Psychometrics; Rwanda; Validation study; Adult; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Diabetes Mellitus/psychology; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Translations; Young Adult; Surveys and Questionnaires; Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract :
[en] [en] BACKGROUND: High prevalence rates in diabetes-related distress have been observed in several studies; however, in the region of Sub-Saharan Africa evidence is lacking as is, for example, the case for Rwanda, where diabetes prevalence is expected to increase over the next decade. The aim of this study is to report on the translation and cultural adaption of the problem areas in diabetes (PAID) questionnaire into Kinyarwanda and its psychometric properties.
METHODS: The questionnaire was translated following a standard procedure. Interviews were conducted with 29 participants before producing a final version. For the psychometric evaluation, a sample of 266 patients with diabetes mellitus, aged 21-64 years old were examined. Participants either came from a separate cluster-randomised controlled trial or were recruited ad-hoc for this study. The evaluation included testing internal consistency, known groups validity, and construct validity. A series of confirmatory factor analysis were conducted investigating seven previously established factorial structures. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was also carried out to examine the structure further.
RESULTS: The full scale showed good internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.88). A four-factor solution previously tested in Spain with subdimensions of emotional, treatment, food-related and social-support problems demonstrated adequate approximate fit (RMSEA = 0.056; CFI = 0.951; TLI = 0.943). The EFA revealed a four-factor structure; however, two of these factors were not as homogeneous and easily interpretable as those of the Spanish model.
CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric properties of the Kinyarwanda version of PAID are acceptable. The questionnaire can be helpful in research and clinical practice in Rwanda, however certain cross-cultural differences should be taken into account.
Disciplines :
Social & behavioral sciences, psychology: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Author, co-author :
LYGIDAKIS, Charilaos ✱; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences > Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences > Team Claus VÖGELE ; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda. lygidakis@gmail.com
Uwizihiwe, Jean Paul; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda ; Centre for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
BIA, Michela Gianna ; University of Luxembourg ; Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
Kallestrup, Per; Centre for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Dukundane, Damas; Butaro Cancer Centre of Excellence, Burera, Rwanda
Asiimwe-Kateera, Brenda; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda ; AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
Niyonsenga, Simon Pierre; Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda
VÖGELE, Claus ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences (FHSE) > Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences (DBCS) > Health and Behaviour
✱ These authors have contributed equally to this work.
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Kinyarwanda version of the problem areas in diabetes (PAID) questionnaire.
Karen Elise Jensens Fond Université du Luxembourg Aarhus Universitet
Funding text :
We extend our gratitude to Mireille Uwineza, Marie Rose Uwizeye, Anastase Nzeyimana, Esperance Mukangango, Hortense Umurerwa, and Janvier Kayitare for their help in conducting the cognitive interviews and data collection; and to Josiane Uwineza, John Doldo IV and Jake Freyer for the translations and participation in the expert panel. Finally, we would like to thank Dr Garry Welch for his support and guidance.The study was supported by the Karen Elise Jensens Fond, and the Universities of Luxembourg and Aarhus. The funding sources had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, interpretation of data, or writing the manuscript.
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