Dark patterns; Deceptive design patterns; Digital vulnerability; EU digital strategy; Risk assessment; Dark pattern; Deceptive design pattern; Design Patterns; Digital architecture; Digital services; Digital strategies; Multi dimensional; Risks assessments; Business, Management and Accounting (all); Computer Networks and Communications; Law
Abstract :
[en] In the last few years, there have been growing concerns about the far-reaching influence that digital architectures may exert on individuals and societies. A specific type of digital manipulation is often engineered into the interfaces of digital services through the use of so-called dark patterns, that cause manifold harms against which nobody seems to be immune. However, many areas of law rely on a traditional class-based view according to which certain groups are inherently more vulnerable than others, such as children. Although the undue influence exerted by dark patterns on online decisions can befall anybody, empirical studies show that there are actually certain factors that aggravate the vulnerability of some people by making them more likely to incur in certain manipulation risks engineered in digital services and less resilient to the related harms. But digital vulnerability does not overlap with traditionally protected groups and depends on multifaceted factors. This article contributes to the ongoing discussions on these topics by offering (i) a multidisciplinary mapping of the micro, meso, and macro factors of vulnerability to dark patterns; (ii) a subsequent critical reflection on the feasibility of the risk assessment proposed in three selected EU legal frameworks: the General Data Protection Regulation, the Digital Services Act, and the Artificial Intelligence Act; (iii) and multidisciplinary suggestions to increase resilience towards manipulative designs online.
Disciplines :
Computer science
Author, co-author :
ROSSI, Arianna ; Sant'Anna University of Advanced Studies > LIDER Lab, Dirpolis
Carli, Rachele; AlmaAI, University of Bologna, Italy ; University of Luxembourg, Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
Botes, Marietjie W.; Center for Research Evaluation Science and Technology (CREST), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ; School of Law, Howard College, University of KwaZulu Natal, Glenwood, South Africa
FERNANDEZ, Angelica ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance > Department of Law > Team Mark David COLE
SERGEEVA, Anastasia ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > IRiSC
SANCHEZ CHAMORRO, Lorena ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust > IRiSC > Team Gabriele LENZINI ; University of Twente > Human-Media Interaction Group
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Who is vulnerable to deceptive design patterns? A transdisciplinary perspective on the multi-dimensional nature of digital vulnerability
Joint Doctorate grant agreement No 814177 LAST-JD-Rights of Internet of Everything PNRR/NextGenerationEU project \u201CBiorobotics Research and Innovation Engineering Facilities \u201CIR0000036\u201D \u2013 CUP J13C22000400007\u201D. L. Dutch Research Council (NWO) via RESOCIAL project (NWA.1540.21.001), from the thematic program \u201CVulnerability and resilience in an online society\u201D
Funding text :
A. Rossi, A. Sergeeva and L. Sanchez Chamorro have received funding from the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR)\u2019s grant agreement no. IS/14717072 (DECEPTICON: Deceptive patterns online). A. Fernandez has received funding from the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) (PRIDE17/12251371). R. Carli is supported by the Joint Doctorate grant agreement No 814177 LAST-JD-Rights of Internet of Everything. A. Rossi was also partially funded by the PNRR/NextGenerationEU project \u201CBiorobotics Research and Innovation Engineering Facilities \u201CIR0000036\u201D \u2013 CUP J13C22000400007\u201D. L. S\u00E1nchez Chamorro has also received funding from the Dutch Research Council (NWO) via RESOCIAL project (NWA.1540.21.001), from the thematic program \u201CVulnerability and resilience in an online society\u201D. We thank Sophie Doublet from the University of Luxembourg for her help in designing the graphical abstract. We are grateful to the participants of the Lorentz Center's workshop on \u201CFair design for online interfaces\u201D (held between 29 January and 2 February 2024) for their feedback on the main findings of this research.
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