Blockchain; Intelligent transportation systems; Internet of things; Internet of vehicles; Security; Block-chain; Computational power; Internet of vehicle; Network technologies; Privacy concerns; Security and privacy; Systematic literature review; Trust management; Software; Information Systems; Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality; Computer Networks and Communications
Abstract :
[en] The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) promises to revolutionize transportation in smart cities, but its interconnectedness raises critical security and privacy concerns. Limited computational power, diverse network technologies, and many sensors and vehicles challenge data integrity and trust in data exchange. Existing solutions, often dependent on specific environments and protocols, struggle to address these issues across the entire IoV ecosystem. This paper explores the potential of blockchain technology to address these challenges. We argue that blockchain’s immutability and decentralization offer a unique solution for trust management in various IoV environments. We review existing blockchain-based algorithms and models proposed for IoV integration and propose a novel taxonomy to categorize these approaches. This taxonomy will help us analyze effective parameters, implementation methods, and evaluation metrics in the reviewed literature. According to our research, the most critical evaluation parameter for blockchain-based methods is time, including system-level service-related time parameters and solution implementation time, and 38% of existing papers simulated the approach using Hyperledger. Additionally, we will identify key challenges from integrating blockchain into the IoV landscape. By providing a comprehensive review and analysis of blockchain-based trust management solutions for IoV, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing development of secure and reliable intelligent transportation systems.
Disciplines :
Computer science
Author, co-author :
Abbasi, Shirin; Computer Engineering Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
KHALEDIAN, Navid ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > CritiX
Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Trust management in the internet of vehicles: a systematic literature review of blockchain integration
Publication date :
05 July 2024
Journal title :
International Journal of Information Security
ISSN :
1615-5262
eISSN :
1615-5270
Publisher :
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Sleem, L., Noura, H.N., Couturier, R.: Towards a secure ITS: Overview, challenges, and solutions. J. Inform. Secur. Appl. 55 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2020.102637
A. Hammoud H. Sami A. Mourad H. Otrok R. Mizouni J. Bentahar Blockchain, and Vehicular Edge Computing for Smart and Secure IoV: Challenges and directions IEEE Internet Things Magazine 2020 3 2 68 73 10.1109/IOTM.0001.1900109
A. Miglani N. Kumar Blockchain management and machine learning adaptation for IoT environment in 5G and beyond networks: A systematic review Comput. Commun. 2020 178 37 63 10.1016/j.comcom.2021.07.009
U. Bodkhe S. Tanwar Secure data dissemination techniques for IoT applications: Research challenges and opportunities Software: Pract. Experience 2021 51 12 2469 2491 10.1002/spe.2811
L. Gao C. Wu T. Yoshinaga X. Chen Y. Ji Multi-channel Blockchain Scheme for Internet of vehicles IEEE Open. J. Comput. Soc. 2021 2 192 203 10.1109/OJCS.2021.3070714
V. Astarita V.P. Giofrè G. Guido A. Vitale The use of a blockchain-based System in Traffic operations to promote Cooperation among Connected vehicles Procedia Comput. Sci. 2020 177 220 226 10.1016/j.procs.2020.10.031
B. Bhushan A. Khamparia K.M. Sagayam S.K. Sharma M.A. Ahad N.C. Debnath Blockchain for smart cities: A review of architectures, integration trends and future research directions Sustainable Cities Soc. 2020 61 p102360 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102360
K. Shah S. Chadotra S. Tanwar et al. Blockchain for IoV in 6G environment: Review solutions and challenges Cluster Comput. 2022 25 1927 1955 10.1007/s10586-021-03492-0
Rejeb, A., Rejeb, K., Simske, S.J., Keogh, J.G.: Blockchain technology in the smart city: A bibliometric review. Qual. Quant. 1–32 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01251-2
A. Srivastava S. Gupta M. Quamara P. Chaudhary V.J. Aski Future IoT-enabled threats and vulnerabilities: State of the art, challenges, and future prospects Int. J. Commun Syst 2021 33 12 e4443 10.1002/dac.4443
F. Elghaish M.R. Hosseini S. Matarneh S. Talebi S. Wu I. Martek M. Poshdar N. Ghodrati Blockchain and the ‘Internet of things’ for the construction industry: Research trends and opportunities Autom. Constr. 2021 132 103942 10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103942
A. Hemmati M. Zarei A. Souri Blockchain-based internet of vehicles (BIoV): A systematic review of surveys and reviews Secur. Priv. 2023 6 6 10.1002/spy2.317
Kapassa, E., Themistocleous, M.: Blockchain Technology Applied in IoV demand response management: A systematic literature. Rev. Future Internet. 14(5) (p.136, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/fi14050136
Wang, C., Cheng, X., Li, J., et al.: A survey: Applications of blockchain in the Internet of vehicles. J. Wirel. Com. Netw. 77 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-021-01958-8
B. Bhushan C. Sahoo P. Sinha A. Khamparia Unification of Blockchain and Internet of things (BIoT): Requirements, working model, challenges and future directions Wireless Netw. 2021 27 1 55 90 10.1007/s11276-020-02445-6
Rahman, A., Nasir, M.K., Rahman, Z., Mosavi, A., Shahab, S., Minaei-Bidgoli, B.: Distblockbuilding: A distributed blockchain-based sdn-iot network for smart building management. IEEE Access., 8, pp.140008–140018, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3012435
Villamil, S., Hernández, C., Tarazona, G.: An overview of internet of things. Telkomnika (Telecommunication Comput. Electron. Control), 18(5), pp.2320–2327, https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v18i5.15911
A. Rahman M.J. Islam Z. Rahman M.M. Reza A. Anwar M.P. Mahmud M.K. Nasir R.M. Noor Distb-condo: Distributed blockchain-based iot-sdn model for smart condominium’ IEEE Access. 2020 8 209594 209609 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3039113
S. Saxena B. Bhushan M.A. Ahad Blockchain based solutions to secure IoT: Background, integration trends and a way forward J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 2021 181 103050 10.1016/j.jnca.2021.103050
Y. Liu J. Wang Z.Y.Z. Wan Riku Jäntti A survey on blockchain-based trust management for internet of things IEEE Internet Things J. 2023 10 7 5898 5922 10.1109/JIOT.2023.3237893
R. Kumar R. Sharma Leveraging blockchain for ensuring trust in IoT: A survey J. King Saud University-Computer Inform. Sci. 2021 10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.09.004
M. Dibaei X. Zheng K. Jiang R. Abbas S. Liu Y. Zhang Y. Xiang S. Yu Attacks and defences on intelligent connected vehicles: A survey Digit. Commun. Networks 2020 6 4 399 421 10.1016/j.dcan.2020.04.007
M.B. Mollah J. Zhao D. Niyato Y.L. Guan C. Yuen S. Sun K.Y. Lam L.H. Koh Blockchain for the internet of vehicles towards intelligent transportation systems: A survey IEEE Internet Things J. 2020 8 6 4157 4185 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3028368
A. Rahman A. Montieri D. Kundu M.R. Karim M.J. Islam S. Umme Alfredo Nascita, and Antonio Pescapé. On the integration of blockchain and sdn: Overview, applications, and future perspectives J. Netw. Syst. Manage. 2022 30 4 73 10.1007/s10922-022-09682-4
S. Abbasi A.M. Rahmani A. Balador Internet of vehicles: Architecture, services, and applications Int. J. Commun Syst 2021 34 10 10.1002/dac.4793
K.H. Liu, Xuyang K. Lam C. Zhu X. Zheng Y. Li C. Du Liu W.T.P. Philip Overview of spintronic sensors with internet of things for smart living IEEE Trans. Magn. 2019 55 11 1 22 10.1109/TMAG.2019.2927457
J. Contreras-Castillo S. Zeadally Juan Antonio Guerrero-Ibañez Internet of vehicles: Architecture, protocols, and security IEEE Internet Things J. 2017 5 5 3701 3709 10.1109/JIOT.2017.2690902
Wijesundara, W.M.A.B., Lee, J.-S., Tith, D., Aloupogianni, E.: Hiroyuki Suzuki, and Takashi Obi. Security-enhanced firmware management scheme for smart home IoT devices using distributed ledger technologies. Int. J. Inf. Secur.: 1–11. (2024)
Micale, D., Matteucci, I., Fenzl, F.: Roland Rieke, and Giuseppe Patanè. A context-aware on-board intrusion detection system for smart vehicles. Int. J. Inf. Secur.: 1–21. (2024)
P. Mundhe S. Verma S. Venkatesan A comprehensive survey on authentication and privacy-preserving schemes in VANETs Comput. Sci. Rev. 2021 41 100411 10.1016/j.cosrev.2021.100411
A. Rahman C. Chakraborty A. Anwar et al. SDN–IoT empowered intelligent framework for industry 4.0 applications during COVID-19 pandemic Cluster Comput. 2022 25 2351 2368 10.1007/s10586-021-03367-4
M.T. Çaldağ E. Gökalp Exploring critical success factors for blockchain-based intelligent transportation systems Emerg. Sci. J. 2020 4 27 44 10.28991/esj-2020-SP1-03
A. Rahman K. Hasan D. Kundu M.J. Islam T. Debnath S.S. Band Neeraj Kumar On the ICN-IoT with federated learning integration of communication: Concepts, security-privacy issues, applications, and future perspectives Future Generation Comput. Syst. 2023 138 61 88 10.1016/j.future.2022.08.004
Shahmirzadi, D., Khaledian, N., and Amir Masoud Rahmani:. Analyzing the impact of various parameters on job scheduling in the Google cluster dataset. Cluster Comput.: 1–15. (2024)
N. Khaledian A. Nazari K. Khamforoosh L. Abualigah D. Javaheri TrustDL: Use of trust-based dictionary learning to facilitate recommendation in social networks Expert Syst. Appl. 2023 228 120487 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120487
R. Abidi N.B. Azzouna W. Trojet G. Hoblos N. Sahli A study of mechanisms and approaches for IoV trust models requirements achievement J. Supercomputing 2024 80 3 4157 4201 10.1007/s11227-023-05620-6
K. Shi L. Zhu C. Zhang L. Xu F. Gao Blockchain-based multimedia sharing in vehicular social networks with privacy protection Multimedia Tools Appl. 2020 79 11 8085 8105 10.1007/s11042-019-08284-8
Eddine, M.S., Ferrag, M.A., Friha, O., Maglaras, L.: EASBF: An efficient authentication scheme over blockchain for fog computing-enabled internet of vehicles. J. Inform. Secur. Appl. 59(102802) (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2021.102802
A. Elkhalil J. Zhang R. Elhabob An efficient heterogeneous blockchain-based online/offline signcryption systems for internet of vehicles Cluster Comput. 2021 24 3 2051 2068 10.1007/s10586-021-03246-y
Bagga, P., Sutrala, A.K., Das, A.K., Vijayakumar, P.: Blockchain-based batch authentication protocol for Internet of vehicles. J. Syst. Architect. 113(101877) (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2020.101877
Meng, X., Xu, J., Liang, W., Xu, Z., Li, K.C.: A lightweight anonymous cross-regional mutual authentication scheme using blockchain technology for internet of vehicles, Computers and Electrical Engineering, vol. 95, p.107431, (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107431
M. Singh S. Kim Branch based blockchain technology in intelligent vehicle Comput. Netw. 2018 145 219 231 10.1016/j.comnet.2018.08.016
Salim, M.M., Shanmuganathan, V., Loia, V., Park, J.H.: Deep learning enabled secure IoT handover authentication for blockchain networks. Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci. 11(21) (2021). https://doi.org/10.22967/HCIS.2021.11.021
L. Vishwakarma A. Nahar Lbsv: Lightweight blockchain security protocol for secure storage and communication in sdn-enabled Iov IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2022 71 6 5983 5994 10.1109/TVT.2022.3163960
L. Zhang M. Luo J. Li M.H. Au K.K.R. Choo T. Chen S. Tian Blockchain based secure data sharing system for internet of vehicles: A position paper Veh. Commun. 2019 16 85 93 10.1016/j.vehcom.2019.03.003
H. Zhang J. Liu H. Zhao P. Wang N. Kato Blockchain-based trust management for internet of vehicles IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. 2020 9 3 1397 1409 10.1109/TETC.2020.303353
W. Wang L. Wu W. Qu Z. Liu H. Wang Privacy-preserving cloud‐fog–based traceable road condition monitoring in VANET Int. J. Network Manage 2021 31 2 e2096 10.1002/nem.2096
S. Wang G. Qi Blockchain and deep learning based trust management for Internet of vehicles Simul. Model. Pract. Theory 2022 120 102627 10.1016/j.simpat.2022.102627
S.M. Karim A. Habbal S.A. Chaudhry A. Irshad BSDCE-IoV: Blockchain-based Secure Data Collection and Exchange Scheme for IoV in 5G environment IEEE Access. 2023 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3265959
S. Tu H. Yu A. Badshah M. Waqas Z. Halim I. Ahmad Secure Internet of vehicles (IoV) with decentralized Consensus Blockchain mechanism IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2023 10.1109/TVT.2023.3268135
Abdussami, M., Dwivedi, S.K., Obaidat, M.S., Amin, R., Vollala, S.: and Balqies Sadoun. Cryptanalysis and Improvement of a Blockchain Based Lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Internet of Vehicles. In 2023 International Conference on Communications, Computing, Cybersecurity, and Informatics (CCCI), pp. 1–6. IEEE, (2023). https://doi.org/10.1109/CCCI58712.2023.10290821
A. Devi G. Rathee H. Saini Secure blockchain-internet of vehicles (B-IoV) mechanism using DPSO and M-ITA algorithms J. Inform. Secur. Appl. 2022 64 103094 10.1016/j.jisa.2021.103094
M. Yuan Y. Xu C. Zhang Y. Tan Y. Wang J. Ren Y. Zhang TRUCON: Blockchain-Based Trusted Data Sharing With Congestion Control in Internet of Vehicles 2022 10.1109/TITS.2022.3226500
A. Khalid M.S. Iftikhar A. Almogren R. Khalid M.K. Afzal N. Javaid A blockchain based incentive provisioning scheme for traffic event validation and information storage in VANETs Inf. Process. Manag. 2021 58 2 102464 10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102464
Singh, S.K., Azzaoui, A.E., Kim, T.W., Pan, Y., Park, J.H.: DeepBlockScheme: A deep learning-based blockchain driven scheme for secure smart city. Hum. -Centric Comput. Inf. Sci. 11(12) (2021). https://doi.org/10.22967/HCIS.2021.11.012
C. Lai Y. Du Q. Guo D. Zheng A trust-based privacy-preserving friend matching scheme in social internet of vehicles Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 2021 14 4 2011 2025 10.1007/s12083-021-01140-3
H. Zhang J. Liu H. Zhao P. Wang N. Kato Blockchain-based trust management for internet of vehicles IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. 2020 9 3 1397 1409 10.1109/TETC.2020.3033532 2010.1109/TETC.2020.3033532
S. Singh P.K. Kumar Y. Sharma Pan Jong Hyuk Park BIIoVT: Blockchain-based secure storage architecture for intelligent internet of vehicular things IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag. 2021 10.1109/MCE.2021.3089992
Dwivedi, S.K., Amin, R., Vollala, S., Chaudhry, R.: Blockchain-based secured event-information sharing protocol in internet of vehicles for smart cities. Comput. Electr. Eng. 86(106719) (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106719
S. Kudva S. Badsha S. Sengupta I. Khalil Albert Zomaya Towards secure and practical consensus for blockchain based VANET Inf. Sci. 2021 545 170 187 4135521 10.1016/j.ins.2020.07.060
M. Gawas H. Patil S.S. Govekar An integrative approach for secure data sharing in vehicular edge computing using Blockchain Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 2021 14 5 2840 2857 10.1007/s12083-021-01107-4
Mershad, K., Cheikhrouhou, O., Ismail, L.: Proof of accumulated trust: A new consensus protocol for the security of the IoV. Veh. Commun. 32(100392) (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2021.100392
F. Ahmad C.A. Kerrache F. Kurugollu R. Hussain Realization of blockchain in named data networking-based internet-of-vehicles I T Prof. 2019 21 4 41 47 10.1109/MITP.19.2912142
H. Khelifi S. Luo B. Nour H. Moungla S.H. Ahmed M. Guizani A blockchain-based architecture for secure vehicular Named Data Networks 2020 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106715
X. Meng J. Xu W. Liang Z. Xu K.C. Li A lightweight anonymous cross-regional mutual authentication scheme using blockchain technology for internet of vehicles Comput. Electr. Eng. 2021 95 107431 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107431
Z. Xu W. Liang K.C. Li J. Xu H. Jin A blockchain-based roadside unit-assisted authentication and key agreement protocol for internet of vehicles J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 2021 149 29 39 10.1016/j.jpdc.2020.11.003
A. Rahman M.S.I. Khan A. Montieri M.J. Islam Md Razaul Karim, Mahedi Hasan, Dipanjali Kundu, Mostofa Kamal Nasir, and Antonio Pescapè. BlockSD-5GNet: Enhancing security of 5G network through blockchain‐SDN with ML‐based bandwidth prediction Trans. Emerg. Telecommunications Technol. 2024 35 4 e4965 10.1002/ett.4965
Kumar Arora, Sandeep, G., Kumar, M., Hedabou, E.M., Amhoud, Iwendi, C.: Blockchain-inspired lightweight trust‐based system in vehicular networks. Int. J. Network Manage. e2226 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/nem.2226
Oham, C., Michelin, R.A., Jurdak, R., Kanhere, S.S., Jha, S.: B-FERL: Blockchain based framework for securing smart vehicles. Inf. Process. Manag. 58(1) (p.102426, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102426
M. Jiang H. Wang W. Zhang H. Qin X. Sun Location-based data access control scheme for Internet of Vehicles 2020 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106716
S. Rathore J.H. Park H. Chang Deep learning and blockchain-empowered security framework for intelligent 5G-enabled IoT IEEE Access. 2021 9 90075 90083 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3077069
G. Cheng J. Huang Y. Wang J. Zhao L. Kong S. Deng Conditional privacy-preserving Multi-domain Authentication and Pseudonym Management for 6G-Enabled IoV IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 2023 10.1109/TIFS.2023.3314211
Singh, U., Sharma, S.K., Shukla, M.: and Preeti Jha. Blockchain-based BATMAN protocol using mobile ad hoc network (MANET) with an ensemble algorithm. Int. J. Inf. Secur.: 1–11. (2024)
D. Chattaraj B. Bera A.K. Das S. Saha P. Lorenz Y. Park Block-CLAP: Blockchain-assisted Certificateless Key Agreement Protocol for Internet of vehicles in Smart Transportation IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2021 10.1109/TVT.2021.3091163
G. Abirami Performance analysis of the dynamic trust model algorithm using the fuzzy inference system for access control Comput. Electr. Eng. 2021 92 107132 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107132
U. Javaid M.N. Aman B. Sikdar A scalable protocol for driving trust management in internet of vehicles with blockchain IEEE Internet Things J. 2020 7 12 11815 11829 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3002711
Akraminejad, R., Khaledian, N., Nazari, A., Voelp, M.: A multi-objective crow search algorithm for optimizing makespan and costs in scientific cloud workflows (CSAMOMC). Computing, 1–17. (2024)
A. Rahman M.J. Islam A. Montieri M.K. Nasir M.M. Reza S.S. Band A. Pescape M. Hasan M. Sookhak A. Mosavi Smartblock-sdn: An optimized blockchain-sdn framework for resource management in iot IEEE Access. 2021 9 28361 28376 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3058244
M.J. Islam A. Rahman S. Kabir M.R. Karim U.K. Acharjee M.K. Nasir S.S. Band M. Sookhak S. Wu Blockchain-SDN-Based energy-aware and distributed Secure Architecture for IoT in Smart cities IEEE Internet Things J. 2021 9 5 3850 3864 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3100797
L. Xu M. Ge W. Wu Edge server deployment scheme of blockchain in IoVs IEEE Trans. Reliab. 2022 71 1 500 509 10.1109/TR.2022.3142776
M. Hosseinzadeh S. Abbasi Amir Masoud Rahmani Resource Manage. Approaches Internet Veh. Multimedia Tools Appl. 2023 82 30 46811 46844 10.1007/s11042-023-15590-9
Y. Xu Z. Liu C. Zhang J. Ren Y. Zhang X. Shen Blockchain-Based Trustworthy Energy Dispatching Approach for high renewable energy penetrated Power systems IEEE Internet Things J. 2022 9 12 10036 10047 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3117924
