On the influence of anisotropy on the magnetic small-angle neutron scattering of superparamagnetic particles

This paper presents a calculation of the magnetic small-angle neutron scattering cross-section resulting from a dilute ensemble of superparamagnetic particles exhibiting uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. We focus on the two experimentally relevant scattering geometries in which the incident neutron beam is perpendicular or parallel to an applied magnetic field, and we discuss several orientations of the anisotropy axes with respect to the field. Magnetic anisotropy has no influence on the magnetic small-angle neutron scattering when the particles are mobile, as is the case e.g. in ferrofluids, but, when the particles are embedded in a rigid non-magnetic matrix and the orientations of the anisotropy axes are fixed, significant deviations compared to the case of negligible anisotropy are expected. For the particluar situation in which the anisotropy axes are parallel to the applied field, closed-form expressions suggest that an effective anisotropy energy or anisotropy-energy distribution can be determined from experimental scattering data.