Nicola C Anderson, Fraser Anderson, Alan Kingstone, and Walter F Bischof. 2015. A comparison of scanpath comparison methods. Behavior research methods 47, 4 (2015), 1377-1392.
Marc Assens, Xavier Giro-i Nieto, Kevin McGuinness, and Noel E. O'Connor. 2017. SaltiNet: Scan-Path Prediction on 360 Degree Images Using Saliency Volumes. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW). 2331-2338. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVW.2017.275
Marc Assens, Xavier Giro i Nieto, Kevin McGuinness, and Noel E. O'Connor. 2018. PathGAN: Visual Scanpath Prediction with Generative Adversarial Networks. ECCV Workshop on Egocentric Perception, Interaction and Computing (EPIC).
Roman Bednarik and Markku Tukiainen. 2007. Validating the restricted focus viewer: A study using eye-movement tracking. Behavior research methods 39, 2 (2007).
Donald J Berndt and James Cliford. 1994. Using dynamic time warping to fnd patterns in time series.. In KDD workshop, Vol. 10. Seattle, WA, USA:, 359-370.
Sergey Bezryadin, Pavel Bourov, and Dmitry Ilinih. 2007. Brightness Calculation in Digital Image Processing. In Proc. TDPF Symposium.
Ali Borji. 2019. Saliency Prediction in the Deep Learning Era: Successes, Limitations, and Future Challenges. In CoRR abs/1810.03716 (arXiv preprint).
A. Borji and L. Itti. 2013. State-of-the-art in visual attention modeling. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35, 1 (2013).
Ali Borji and Laurent Itti. 2015. CAT2000: A Large Scale Fixation Dataset for Boosting Saliency Research. CVPR 2015 workshop on "Future of Datasets" (2015). arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.03581.
Ali Borji, Hamed R. Tavakoli, Dicky N. Sihite, and Laurent Itti. 2013. Analysis of Scores, Datasets, and Models in Visual Saliency Prediction. In Proc. ICCV.
Michelle A Borkin, Zoya Bylinskii, Nam Wook Kim, Constance May Bainbridge, Chelsea S Yeh, Daniel Borkin, Hanspeter Pfster, and Aude Oliva. 2015. Beyond memorability: Visualization recognition and recall. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 22, 1 (2015).
Maximilian D Broda and Benjamin de Haas. 2022. Individual fxation tendencies in person viewing generalize from images to videos. i-Perception 13, 6 (2022), 20416695221128844.
Neil Bruce and John Tsotsos. 2005. Saliency based on information maximization. Advances in neural information processing systems 18 (2005).
Zoya Bylinskii, Tilke Judd, Ali Borji, Laurent Itti, Frédo Durand, Aude Oliva, and Antonio Torralba. 2015. Mit saliency benchmark. (2015).
Zoya Bylinskii, Nam Wook Kim, Peter O'Donovan, Sami Alsheikh, Spandan Madan, Hanspeter Pfster, Fredo Durand, Bryan Russell, and Aaron Hertzmann. 2017. Learning Visual Importance for Graphic Designs and Data Visualizations. In Proc. UIST.
Ying Cao, RynsonWHLau, and Antoni B Chan. 2014. Look over here: Attention-directing composition of manga elements. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 33, 4 (2014).
Zhaohui Che, Ali Borji, Guangtao Zhai, Xiongkuo Min, Guodong Guo, and Patrick Le Callet. 2020. How is Gaze Infuenced by Image Transformations? Dataset and Model. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 29 (2020), 2287-2300. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2019.2945857
Zhenzhong Chen and Wanjie Sun. 2018. Scanpath Prediction for Visual Attention Using IOR-ROI LSTM (IJCAI'18). AAAI Press, 642-648.
L. Cooke. 2006. Is the mouse a poor man's eye tracker?. In Proc. STC.
Marcella Cornia, Lorenzo Baraldi, Giuseppe Serra, and Rita Cucchiara. 2016. A Deep Multi-Level Network for Saliency Prediction. In International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR).
Marcella Cornia, Lorenzo Baraldi, Giuseppe Serra, and Rita Cucchiara. 2018. Predicting Human Eye Fixations via an LSTM-Based Saliency Attentive Model. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 27, 10 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP. 2018.2851672
Marcella Cornia, Lorenzo Baraldi, Giuseppe Serra, and Rita Cucchiara. 2018. SAM: Pushing the Limits of Saliency Prediction Models. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops.
Biplab Deka, Zifeng Huang, Chad Franzen, Joshua Hibschman, Daniel Afergan, Yang Li, Jefrey Nichols, and Ranjitha Kumar. 2017. Rico: A Mobile App Dataset for Building Data-Driven Design Applications. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '17).
Guanqun Ding, Nevrez Imamoglu, Ali Caglayan, Masahiro Murakawa, and Ryosuke Nakamura. 2022. SalFBNet: Learning pseudo-saliency distribution via feedback convolutional networks. Image and Vision Computing 120 (2022), 104395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2022.104395
Richard Droste, Jianbo Jiao, and J. Alison Noble. 2020. Unifed Image and Video Saliency Modeling. In Computer Vision-ECCV 2020, Andrea Vedaldi, Horst Bischof, Thomas Brox, and Jan-Michael Frahm (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 419-435.
Sergio Etchebehere and Elena Fedorovskaya. 2017. On the Role of Color in Visual Saliency. Intl. Symp. Electronic Imaging 6 (2017).
Ramin Fahimi and Neil DB Bruce. 2021. On metrics for measuring scanpath similarity. Behavior Research Methods 53, 2 (2021), 609-628.
Camilo Fosco, Vincent Casser, Amish Kumar Bedi, Peter O'Donovan, Aaron Hertzmann, and Zoya Bylinskii. 2020. Predicting visual importance across graphic design types. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. 249-260.
Camilo Fosco, Anelise Newman, Pat Sukhum, Yun Bin Zhang, Nanxuan Zhao, Aude Oliva, and Zoya Bylinskii. 2020. How much time do you have? modeling multi-duration saliency. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 4473-4482.
S. Frintrop, E. Rome, and H. I. Christensen. 2010. Computational visual attention systems and their cognitive foundations: A survey. ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. 7, 1 (2010).
Shahrbanoo Hamel, Nathalie Guyader, Denis Pellerin, and Dominique Houzet. 2014. Contribution of Color Information in Visual Saliency Model for Videos. In Proc. ICISP. 213-221.
Rui Han and Shuangjiu Xiao. 2018. Human Visual Scanpath Prediction Based on RGB-D Saliency. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Image and Graphics Processing (Hong Kong, Hong Kong) (ICIGP 2018). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 180-184. https://doi.org/10.1145/3191442.3191463
Jonathan Harel, Christof Koch, and Pietro Perona. 2006. Graph-based visual saliency. Advances in neural information processing systems 19 (2006).
J. M. Henderson. 1993. Eye movement control during visual object processing: efects of initial fxation position and semantic constraint. Can. J. Exp. Psychol. 47, 1 (1993).
Xun Huang, Chengyao Shen, Xavier Boix, and Qi Zhao. 2015. SALICON: Reducing the Semantic Gap in Saliency Prediction by Adapting Deep Neural Networks. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). 262-270. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2015.38
Laurent Itti, Christof Koch, and Ernst Niebur. 1998. A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 20, 11 (1998), 1254-1259.
Sen Jia. 2018. EML-NET: An Expandable Multi-Layer NETwork for Saliency Prediction. CoRR abs/1805.01047 (2018). arXiv:1805.01047 http://arxiv.org/abs/1805.01047
Ming Jiang, Shengsheng Huang, Juanyong Duan, and Qi Zhao. 2015. SALICON: Saliency in Context. In 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). 1072-1080. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298710
James M Joyce. 2011. Kullback-leibler divergence. In International encyclopedia of statistical science. Springer, 720-722.
Tilke Judd, Frédo Durand, and Antonio Torralba. 2012. A Benchmark of Computational Models of Saliency to Predict Human Fixations. In MIT Technical Report.
T. Judd, K. Ehinger, F. Durand, and A. Torralba. 2009. Learning to predict where humans look. In Proc. ICCV.
Tilke Judd, Krista Ehinger, Frédo Durand, and Antonio Torralba. 2009. Learning to predict where humans look. In 2009 IEEE 12th international conference on computer vision. IEEE, 2106-2113.
Nam Wook Kim, Zoya Bylinskii, Michelle A Borkin, Krzysztof Z Gajos, Aude Oliva, Fredo Durand, and Hanspeter Pfster. 2017. BubbleView: an interface for crowdsourcing image importance maps and tracking visual attention. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) 24, 5 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1145/3131275
Nam Wook Kim, Zoya Bylinskii, Michelle A Borkin, Aude Oliva, Krzysztof Z Gajos, and Hanspeter Pfster. 2015. A crowdsourced alternative to eye-tracking for visualization understanding. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1349-1354.
Alexander Kroner, Mario Senden, Kurt Driessens, and Rainer Goebel. 2020. Contextual encoder-decoder network for visual saliency prediction. Neural Networks 129 (2020), 261-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2020.05.004
Matthias Kümmerer, Matthias Bethge, and Thomas SA Wallis. 2022. DeepGaze III: Modeling free-viewing human scanpaths with deep learning. Journal of Vision 22, 5 (2022).
Matthias Kümmerer, Lucas Theis, and Matthias Bethge. 2014. Deep gaze i: Boosting saliency prediction with feature maps trained on imagenet. arXiv preprint arXiv:1411.1045 (2014).
Matthias Kümmerer, Thomas Wallis, and Matthias Bethge. 2014. How close are we to understanding image-based saliency? arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.7686 (2014).
Matthias Kümmerer, Thomas SAWallis, and Matthias Bethge. 2015. Information-theoretic model comparison unifes saliency metrics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, 52 (2015), 16054-16059.
Matthias Kummerer, Thomas SA Wallis, Leon A Gatys, and Matthias Bethge. 2017. Understanding low-and high-level contributions to fxation prediction. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision. 4789-4798.
Olivier Le Meur, Patrick Le Callet, and Dominique Barba. 2007. Predicting visual fxations on video based on low-level visual features. Vision research 47, 19 (2007), 2483-2498.
Luis A Leiva, Yunfei Xue, Avya Bansal, Hamed R Tavakoli, Tuoçe Köroolu, Jingzhou Du, Niraj R Dayama, and Antti Oulasvirta. 2020. Understanding visual saliency in mobile user interfaces. In 22nd International conference on human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services. 1-12.
Guanbin Li and Yizhou Yu. 2015. Visual Saliency Based on Multiscale Deep Features. In Proc. CVPR. 5455-5463.
Akis Linardos, Matthias Kümmerer, Ori Press, and Matthias Bethge. 2021. DeepGaze IIE: Calibrated prediction in and out-of-domain for state-of-the-art saliency modeling. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. 12919-12928.
Gitte Lindgaard, Gary Fernandes, Cathy Dudek, and J. Brown. 2006. Attention web designers: You have 50 milliseconds to make a good frst impression! Behav. Inform. Technol. 25, 2 (2006).
Jennifer Long, Rene Cheung, Simon Duong, Rosemary Paynter, and Lisa Asper. 2017. Viewing distance and eyestrain symptoms with prolonged viewing of smartphones. Clinical and Experimental Optometry 100, 2 (2017), 133-137.
Jianxun Lou, Hanhe Lin, David Marshall, Dietmar Saupe, and Hantao Liu. 2022. TranSalNet: Towards perceptually relevant visual saliency prediction. Neurocomputing 494 (2022), 455-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2022.04.080
S. Marat, A. Rahman, D. Pellerin, N. Guyader, and D. Houzet. 2013. Improving Visual Saliency by Adding 'Face Feature Map' and 'Center Bias'. Cogn. Comput. 5, 1 (2013).
S Mathot, F Cristino, ID Gilchrist, and J Theeuwes. 2012. Eyenalysis: A similarity measure for eye movement patterns. Journal of Eye Movement Research 5 (2012), 1-15.
Aliaksei Miniukovich and Antonella De Angeli. 2014. Visual Impressions of Mobile App Interfaces. In Proc. NordiCHI. 31-40.
Aliaksei Miniukovich and Maurizio Marchese. 2020. Relationship between visual complexity and aesthetics of webpages. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1-13.
A. Mishra, Y. Aloimonos, and C.L. Fah. 2009. Active segmentation with fxation. In Proc. ICCV. 468-475.
Thuyen Ngo and B.S. Manjunath. 2017. Saccade gaze prediction using a recurrent neural network. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). 3435-3439. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2017.8296920
A. Nuthmann and J. M. Henderson. 2014. Object-based attentional selection in scene viewing. J. Vis. 10, 8 (2014).
J. P. Ossandon, S. Onat, and P. König. 2014. Spatial biases in viewing behavior. J. Vis. 14, 2 (2014).
Peter O'Donovan, Aseem Agarwala, and Aaron Hertzmann. 2014. Learning layouts for single-pagegraphic designs. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 20, 8 (2014).
Junting Pan, Cristian Canton, Kevin McGuinness, Noel E. O'Connor, Jordi Torres, Elisa Sayrol, and Xavier and Giro-i Nieto. 2017. SalGAN: Visual Saliency Prediction with Generative Adversarial Networks. In arXiv.
Xufang Pang, Ying Cao, Rynson WH Lau, and Antoni B Chan. 2016. Directing user attention via visual fow on web designs. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 35, 6 (2016), 1-11.
Robert J Peters, Asha Iyer, Laurent Itti, and Christof Koch. 2005. Components of bottom-up gaze allocation in natural images. Vision research 45, 18 (2005), 2397-2416.
Hamed R. Tavakoli, Ali Borji, Jorma Laaksonen, and Esa Rahtu. 2017. Exploiting inter-image similarity and ensemble of extreme learners for fxation prediction using deep features. Neurocomputing 244 (2017), 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.03.018
Subramanian Ramanathan, Harish Katti, Nicu Sebe, Mohan Kankanhalli, and Tat-Seng Chua. 2010. An eye fxation database for saliency detection in images. In European conference on computer vision. Springer, 30-43.
K. Rayner, S. P. Liversedge, A. Nuthmann, R. Kliegl, and Underwood G. 2009. Rayner's 1979 paper. Perception 38, 6 (2009).
Hamed Rezazadegan Tavakoli, Esa Rahtu, and Janne Heikkilä. 2013. Stochastic bottom-up fxation prediction and saccade generation. Image and Vision Computing 31, 9 (2013), 686-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2013.06.006
Ruth Rosenholtz, Amal Dorai, and Rosalind Freeman. 2011. Do Predictions of Visual Perception Aid Design? ACM Trans. Appl. Percept. 8, 2 (2011).
Yossi Rubner, Carlo Tomasi, and Leonidas J Guibas. 2000. The earth mover's distance as a metric for image retrieval. International journal of computer vision 40, 2 (2000), 99-121.
Stan Salvador and Philip Chan. 2007. Toward accurate dynamic time warping in linear time and space. Intelligent Data Analysis 11, 5 (2007), 561-580.
Peggy Seriès and Aaron Seitz. 2013. Learning what to expect (in visual perception). Front. Hum. neurosci. 7 (2013).
Evan Shelhamer, Jonathan Long, and Trevor Darrell. 2017. Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39, 4 (2017).
Chengyao Shen and Qi Zhao. 2014. Webpage saliency. In European conference on computer vision. Springer, 33-46.
Jeremiah D. Still and Christopher M. Masciocchi. 2010. A Saliency Model Predicts Fixations in Web Interfaces. In Proc. MDDAUI Workshop.
Michael J Swain and Dana H Ballard. 1991. Color indexing. International journal of computer vision 7, 1 (1991), 11-32.
Hamed R. Tavakoli, Fawad Ahmed, Ali Borji, and Jorma Laaksonen. 2017. Saliency Revisited: Analysis of Mouse Movements Versus Fixations. In Proc. CVPR.
Sauer Tim, A Yorke James, and Casdagli Martin. 1991. Embedology. Journal of statistical Physics 65, 3-4 (1991), 579-616.
Richard Veale, Ziad M. Hafed, and Masatoshi Yoshida. 2017. How is visual salience computed in the brain? Insights from behaviour, neurobiology and modelling. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 372, 1714 (2017).
Ashish Verma and Debashis Sen. 2019. HMM-based Convolutional LSTM for Visual Scanpath Prediction. In 2019 27th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). 1-5. https://doi.org/10.23919/EUSIPCO.2019.8902643
Eleonora Vig, Michael Dorr, and David Cox. 2014. Large-Scale Optimization of Hierarchical Features for Saliency Prediction in Natural Images. In The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).
Wei Wang, Cheng Chen, Yizhou Wang, Tingting Jiang, Fang Fang, and Yuan Yao. 2011. Simulating human saccadic scanpaths on natural images. In CVPR 2011. IEEE, 441-448.
Yixiu Wang, Bin Wang, Xiaofeng Wu, and Liming Zhang. 2017. Scanpath estimation based on foveated image saliency. Cognitive processing 18, 1 (2017).
Alexa Top 500 Websites. 2022. https://www.expireddomains.net/alexa-topwebsites/.
Calden Wloka, Iuliia Kotseruba, and John K. Tsotsos. 2018. Active Fixation Control to Predict Saccade Sequences. In 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2018.00336
Jeremy M. Wolfe and Todd S. Horowitz. 2004. What attributes guide the deployment of visual attention and how do they do it? Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5, 6 (2004).
JasonWu, Xiaoyi Zhang, Jef Nichols, and Jefrey P Bigham. 2021. Screen Parsing: Towards Reverse Engineering of UI Models from Screenshots. In The 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. 470-483.
Chen Xia, Junwei Han, Fei Qi, and Guangming Shi. 2019. Predicting Human Saccadic Scanpaths Based on Iterative Representation Learning. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 28, 7 (2019), 3502-3515. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP. 2019.2897966
Mulong Xie, Sidong Feng, Zhenchang Xing, Jieshan Chen, and Chunyang Chen. 2020. UIED: A Hybrid Tool for GUI Element Detection. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (Virtual Event, USA) (ESEC/FSE 2020). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1655-1659. https://doi.org/10.1145/3368089.3417940
Pingmei Xu, Krista A Ehinger, Yinda Zhang, Adam Finkelstein, Sanjeev R Kulkarni, and Jianxiong Xiao. 2015. Turkergaze: Crowdsourcing saliency with webcam based eye tracking. arXiv preprint arXiv:1504.06755 (2015).
Amir R. Zamir, Te-Lin Wu, Lin Sun, William B. Shen, Bertram E. Shi, Jitendra Malik, and Silvio Savarese. 2017. Feedback Networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).
Joseph P Zbilut and Charles L Webber Jr. 2006. Recurrence quantifcation analysis. Wiley encyclopedia of biomedical engineering (2006).
Ciheng Zhang, Decky Aspandi, and Stefen Staab. 2022. Predicting Eye Gaze Location on Websites. arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.08074 (2022).
Qi Zhao and Christof Koch. 2013. Learning saliency-based visual attention: A review. Signal Process. 93 (2013).