Evolution of the murine gut resistome following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.

[en] The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent an ever-growing healthcare challenge worldwide. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and timescales shaping this resistome remain elusive. Using an antibiotic cocktail administered to a murine model along with a longitudinal sampling strategy, we identify the mechanisms by which gut commensals acquire antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) after a single antibiotic course. While most of the resident bacterial populations are depleted due to the treatment, Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae families acquire resistance and remain recalcitrant. We identify specific genes conferring resistance against the antibiotics in the corresponding metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and trace their origins within each genome. Here we show that, while mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including bacteriophages and plasmids, contribute to the spread of ARGs, integrons represent key factors mediating AMR in the antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings suggest that a single course of antibiotics alone may act as the selective sweep driving ARG acquisition and incidence in gut commensals over a single mammalian lifespan.

Disciplines :

Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology

Author, co-author :

de Nies, Laura ; University of Luxembourg > Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) > Systems Ecology

Busi, Susheel Bhanu ; University of Luxembourg > Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) > Systems Ecology

Tsenkova, Mina ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM)

Halder, Rashi ; University of Luxembourg > Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) > Scientific Central Services

Letellier, Elisabeth ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM)

Wilmes, Paul ; University of Luxembourg > Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) > Systems Ecology

External co-authors :

Language :

English

Title :

Evolution of the murine gut resistome following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.

Publication date :

2022

Journal title :

Nature Communications

ISSN :

2041-1723

Publisher :

Nature Publishing Group, London, United Kingdom

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

2296

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Focus Area :

Systems Biomedicine

Commentary :

Available on ORBilu :

since 09 March 2023

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