Comparison of numerical schemes for 3D Lattice Boltzmann simulations of moving rigid particles in thermal fluid flows

The Lattice Boltzmann method is an efficient numerical method for direct numerical simulations of particulate flows. For a variety of applications not only the flow but also the heat transfer between particle and fluid plays an important role. While for non-thermal flows numerous techniques to handle the moving boundaries of particles have been developed, appropriate techniques for the thermal Lattice Boltzmann method are still lacking. The following three issues are of special importance. First, the thermal boundary conditions (Dirichlet or Neumann) have to be fulfilled on the particle surface. Second, reasonable values have to be found for temperature distributions in grid nodes that are uncovered by moving particles. Third, the heat transfer between particulate and fluid phase has to be evaluated in many application, since it is an essential quantity of interest. In this work, we present new numerical schemes for all of these three key aspects. They rely to a great degree on existing schemes for the non-thermal Lattice Botzmann method. In four benchmark cases we assess which of them are the most favourable and we also show to what extend schemes based on the same principles behave similarly or differently in the flow and heat transfer simulation. The results demonstrate that the proposed techniques deliver accurate results and allow us to recommend the most advantageous approach.