Déterminants individuels et territoriaux des navettes internes ou transfrontalières des actifs résidant en France

This article focuses on the individual and territorial determinants of cross-border commuting from France to its neighbouring countries. We seek to identify whether cross-border commuting is a distinct form of commuting, especially whether it differs for an active resident from commuting outside his/her reference functional urban area. We use individual data from the 2013 census and characterize the territory at the municipal scale in order to capture the relative polarisation of residential places within the national urban system. From our multinomial logistic models applied to the whole France or the border fringe, we find that gender, age, education, type and sector of activity, as well as the location of the commune with respect to employment poles in France, explain similarly the commute of active individuals towards another urban area in France and across the border. However, the effect is more intensive for cross-border commuting. After controlling the impact of the different neighbouring countries, we still clearly identify a different behaviour from elastic migrants in border areas and an effect of the distance to the border and of the job density on the cross-border commutes.