Immigration, occupational choice and public employment

This paper investigates the theoretical effects of immigration in an occupational
choice model with three sectors: a low-skilled, a high-skilled and a public sector.
The originality of our approach is to consider (i) inter-sectoral mobility of labor and (ii)
public employment. The combination of these two features yields a new mechanism by
which immigration can have positive effects. The model demonstrates that immigration
increases wages in the high-skilled and the public sectors, provided that the immigrant
workforce is not too large and the access to public jobs is not too easy. The average wage
of natives may also increase accordingly. Moreover, immigration may improve workers’
welfare in each sector. Finally, the mechanism underlying these results does not require
complementarity between natives and immigrants.