Article (Scientific journals)
Means or outcomes? Goal orientation predicts process and outcome focus
Mustafic, Maida; Freund, Alexandra M
2012In European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9 (4), p. 493-499
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Keywords :
Goal orientation; Goal focus; Motivation
Abstract :
[en] Previous research has demonstrated that the representation of goals primarily in terms of means (process focus) compared to outcomes of goal pursuit (outcome focus) increases across the lifespan. Nothing is known, however, about the processes underlying this age-related difference. The current study investigates age-related differences in growth and maintenance orientation as one of the factors contributing to age-related differences in goal focus. A self-report study (N¼123, 18 to 82 years, M¼48.59) presents first evidence that process focus is predicted by maintenance goal orientation, whereas outcome focus is predicted by growth goal orientation. Moreover, maintenance goal orientation mediates the positive association of age and process focus. Results are discussed taking a functional perspective of the role of goal orientation in age-related differences in goal focus.
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
Mustafic, Maida ;  University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education (FLSHASE) > Education, Culture, Cognition and Society (ECCS)
Freund, Alexandra M
Language :
English
Title :
Means or outcomes? Goal orientation predicts process and outcome focus
Publication date :
21 February 2012
Journal title :
European Journal of Developmental Psychology
ISSN :
1740-5610
Publisher :
Psychology Press (UK)
Volume :
9
Issue :
4
Pages :
493-499
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
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