Influencia de diferentes formas de representación de un videomodelo en el aprendizaje de una técnica de lanzamiento compleja

Based on the principle of demonstration and imitation of motor skills, observational learning is a classical method of teaching and learning in the field of sports. A pivotal question regarding to observational learning is which type of information is transmited by the model and his behaviour or, in other words, which information is extracted by the observer. In the "visual percpetion theory", Scully and Newell (1985) assume that mainly relative movement-information is transmitted. As "relative movement" they de-fine spatio-temporal changes in a joint or limb relative to another. According to this theory, demonstration which point out information about the relativ structure of a motor skill, e.g., point-light- and stick-figure videos, should be particularly effective. This hypothesis was examined in a study, in which 41 participants practiced the baseball pitch supported by a classic video, point-light vodeo, stick-figure video, or without video. Participants completed a pretest, three blocks of practice, and an early and delayed retention test. Learning was assessed using kinematic analyses of intra- and interlimb coordination. Overall, the hypothesis was not confirmed. The analyses revealed no significant benefit for participants who had practiced with the point-light- or stick-figure video. The results are discussed with regard to the visual perception theory and the method of our investigation.