Abstract :
[en] We present the application of microcanonical inflection point analysis (MIPA) - a novel and powerful method for the systematic identification and classification of phase transitions (PTs) - to the microcanonical formulation of lattice gauge theories. Specifically, we explore how this approach sheds light on collective phenomena such as the emergence of topological order in quantum field theories. As a case study, we show how to systematically characterize PTs in 4D U(1) lattice electrodynamics. Beyond identifying the well-established deconfinement PT (DPT) associated with pair dissolution, classified as a first-order PT, we uncover two higher-order PTs not observed before. Thanks to the application of the MIPA, we identify an independent third-order PT in the confined phase and indications of a dependent third-order PT in the deconfined (Coulomb) phase. To gain physical insights into these PTs, we numerically compute the average number density of monopolar and pair defects as a function of energy. Notably, our findings reveal that the pair dissolution mechanism extends beyond a singular transitional phenomenon coinciding with the DPT. Instead, it encompasses a spectrum of transitional phenomena, as indicated by the rates of acceleration and deceleration in the dissolution of pairs as a function of energy. Finally, we briefly discuss how such a method can be extended to more complex quantum field theories on a lattice.
Funding text :
The authors thank Dr. Matteo Barborini for his contribution to code development, optimization, and for his valuable insights. The calculations presented in this paper were carried out using the HPC facilities of the University of Luxembourg) and those of the Luxembourg national supercomputer MeluXina. The authors gratefully acknowledge the LuxProvide teams for their expert support. This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR), grant reference BroadApp C20/MS/14769845, and by HEurope ERC-AdG 101054629-FITMOL.The authors thank Dr. Matteo Barborini for his contribution to code development, optimization, and for his valuable insights. The calculations presented in this paper were carried out using the HPC facilities of the University of Luxembourg (see ) and those of the Luxembourg national supercomputer MeluXina. The authors gratefully acknowledge the LuxProvide teams for their expert support. This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR), grant reference BroadApp C20/MS/14769845, and by HEurope ERC-AdG 101054629-FITMOL.
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