Emerging NGSO constellations: spectral coexistence with GSO satellite communication systems

Ortiz, Flor; LAGUNAS, Eva; SAIFALDAWLA, Almoatssimbillah; JALALI, Mahdis; Emiliani, Luis; CHATZINOTAS, Symeon

doi:10.3389/frcmn.2026.1730921

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Emerging NGSO constellations: spectral coexistence with GSO satellite communication systems

Ortiz, Flor; LAGUNAS, Eva; SAIFALDAWLA, Almoatssimbillah et al.

2026 • In Frontiers in Communications and Networks, 7

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

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https://hdl.handle.net/10993/67829

DOI
10.3389/frcmn.2026.1730921

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Keywords :

artificial intelligence; EPFD limits; GSO satellite systems; interference mitigation; NGSO constellations; regulatory frameworks; spectrum sharing

Abstract :

[en] The rapid expansion of Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit (NGSO) constellations is reshaping satellite communications, creating complex interference scenarios with Geostationary Satellite Orbit (GSO) systems due to shared spectrum usage. This article explores the challenges of NGSO–GSO spectral coexistence, focusing on recent regulatory developments, including the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-23), which upheld existing EPFD limits while launching technical studies on aggregate interference. We review state-of-the-art mitigation strategies, such as beamforming and power control, validated through simulations, and highlight the role of AI in enhancing interference detection and response. The paper concludes with a forward-looking research agenda centered on adaptive regulatory tools, probabilistic interference models, and data-driven coordination to support sustainable orbital spectrum sharing.

Research center :

Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT) > SIGCOM - Signal Processing & Communications
LIST - Luxembourg Institute of Science & Technology

Disciplines :

Electrical & electronics engineering

Author, co-author :

Ortiz, Flor; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST)

LAGUNAS, Eva ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom

SAIFALDAWLA, Almoatssimbillah ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom

JALALI, Mahdis ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom

Emiliani, Luis; Société Européenne des Satellites (SES)

CHATZINOTAS, Symeon ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom

External co-authors :

Language :

English

Title :

Emerging NGSO constellations: spectral coexistence with GSO satellite communication systems

Publication date :

19 February 2026

Journal title :

Frontiers in Communications and Networks

eISSN :

2673-530X

Publisher :

Frontiers Media SA

Volume :

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frcmn.2026.1730921/full

FnR Project :

FNR14767486 - MegaLEO - Self-organised Lower Earth Orbit Mega-constellations, 2020 (01/09/2021-31/08/2024) - Symeon Chatzinotas
FNR16193290 - SmartSpace - Leveraging Artificial Intelligence To Empower The Next Generation Of Satellite Communications, 2021 (01/09/2022-31/08/2025) - Eva Lagunas

Funders :

FNR - Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg

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since 19 February 2026

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