Uncertainty-Aware DevOps for Cyber-Physical Systems and Runtime Verification

This chapter raises the attention on possible sources of uncertainties (e.g., workload of requests, software and/or hardware availabilities) that may arise at both development and operational stages (DevOps) in cyber-physical systems (CPS). Given that such uncertainties are unavoidable, a possible solution is to devise an uncertainty-aware methodology to model, analyze, and test these systems, thus anticipating glitches, if any. This way, we aim to monitor and verify the stated requirements at runtime, with the goal of guaranteeing that systems behave as expected. Our main contribution is to shed the light on the most relevant uncertainties (and to foresee their smooth handling) when applying the DevOps paradigm for CPS.