Thirteen Challenges in Formal and Computational Argumentation

YU, Liuwen; VAN DER TORRE, Leon; MARKOVICH, Réka

Download

Article (Scientific journals)

Thirteen Challenges in Formal and Computational Argumentation

YU, Liuwen; VAN DER TORRE, Leon; MARKOVICH, Réka

2025 • In Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLoG Journal of Logics and their Applications , 12 (3)

Editorial Reviewed verified by ORBi

Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/10993/67344

Files (1)Send to Details Statistics Bibliography Similar publications

Files

Full Text

Thirteen_Challenges.pdf

Author postprint (1.27 MB)

Download

All documents in ORBilu are protected by a user license.

Send to

RIS BibTex APA Chicago Permalink X Linkedin

Details

Abstract :

[en] In this chapter, we present thirteen challenges in formal and computational argumentation. They are organized around Dung’s attack-defense paradigm shift. First, we describe four challenges pertaining to the diversity of argumentation. Then we discuss five challenges regarding the attack-defense paradigm shift. Finally, we discuss four challenges for computational AI argumentation arising after the paradigm shift. We illustrate these challenges using examples from machine ethics, AI & Law, decision-making, linguistics, philosophy, and other disciplines to illustrate the breadth of argumentation research. We end each challenge by presenting several open questions for further research.

Disciplines :

Computer science

Author, co-author :

YU, Liuwen ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine > Department of Computer Science > Team Réka MARKOVICH

VAN DER TORRE, Leon ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Computer Science (DCS)

MARKOVICH, Réka ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Computer Science (DCS)

External co-authors :

Language :

English

Title :

Thirteen Challenges in Formal and Computational Argumentation

Publication date :

March 2025

Journal title :

Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLoG Journal of Logics and their Applications

ISSN :

2631-9810

eISSN :

2631-9829

Publisher :

College Publications, London, United Kingdom

Volume :

Issue :

Peer reviewed :

Editorial Reviewed verified by ORBi

FnR Project :

FNR17415164 - LoDEx - Logical Methods For Deontic Explanations, 2022 (01/01/2023-31/12/2025) - Leon Van Der Torre
FNR17111440 - EAI - The Epistemology Of A.I. Systems, 2022 (01/07/2023-30/06/2026) - Thomas Raleigh
FNR14776480 - DELIGHT - Deontic Logic For Epistemic Rights, 2020 (01/09/2021-31/08/2024) - Leon Van Der Torre
FNR16695098 - INTEGRAUTO - What Should We Do? What Can We Do? What Are We Doing!? Studying The Limits, Problems And Risks Associated With Autonomous Technologies, 2022 (01/04/2023-31/03/2024) - Leon Van Der Torre

Available on ORBilu :

since 19 January 2026

Statistics

Number of views

15 (0 by Unilu)

Number of downloads

2 (0 by Unilu)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

Bibliography

Carlos E Alchourrón, Peter Gärdenfors, and David Makinson. On the logic of theory change: partial meet contraction and revision functions. The journal of symbolic logic, 50(2):510–530, 1985.
T Alexander Aleinikoff. Constitutional law in the age of balancing. Yale lj, 96:943, 1986.
Hussam Alkaissi and Samy I McFarlane. Artificial hallucinations in chatgpt: implica-tions in scientific writing. Cureus, 15(2), 2023.
Sacha Altay, Marlène Schwartz, Anne-Sophie Hacquin, Aurélien Allard, Stefaan Blancke, and Hugo Mercier. Scaling up interactive argumentation by providing coun-terarguments with a chatbot. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(4):579–592, 2022.
Leila Amgoud. An argumentation-based model for reasoning about coalition struc-tures. In International Workshop on Argumentation in Multi-Agent Systems, pages 217–228. Springer, 2005.
Leila Amgoud. Argumentation for decision making. Argumentation in artificial intel-ligence, pages 301–320, 2009.
Leila Amgoud and Claudette Cayrol. Inferring from inconsistency in preference-based argumentation frameworks. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 29(2):125–169, 2002.
Leila Amgoud and Srdjan Vesic. On the use of argumentation for multiple criteria decision making. In International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, pages 480–489. Springer, 2012.
Ryuta Arisaka, Jérémie Dauphin, Ken Satoh, and Leendert van der Torre. Multi-agent argumentation and dialogue. IfCoLog Journal of Logics and Their Applications, 9(4):921–954, 2022.
Katie Atkinson and Trevor Bench-Capon. Legal case-based reasoning as practical reasoning. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 13:93–131, 2005.
Katie Atkinson and Trevor Bench-Capon. Value-based argumentation. Handbook of Formal Argumentation, 2:397–441, 2021.
Robert J Aumann. Agreeing to disagree. Springer, 2016.
John Langshaw Austin. How to do things with words. Harvard University Press, 1975.
Edmond Awad, Sohan Dsouza, Richard Kim, Jonathan Schulz, Joseph Henrich, Azim Shariff, Jean-François Bonnefon, and Iyad Rahwan. The moral machine experiment. Nature, 563(7729):59–64, 2018.
Pietro Baroni, Guido Boella, Federico Cerutti, Massimiliano Giacomin, Leendert van der Torre, and Serena Villata. On the input/output behavior of argumentation frameworks. Artificial Intelligence, 217:144–197, 2014.
Pietro Baroni, Paul E Dunne, and Massimiliano Giacomin. On the resolution-based family of abstract argumentation semantics and its grounded instance. Artificial In-telligence, 175(3-4):791–813, 2011.
Pietro Baroni and Massimiliano Giacomin. On principle-based evaluation of extension-based argumentation semantics. Artificial Intelligence, 171(10-15):675–700, 2007.
Pietro Baroni, Massimiliano Giacomin, and Giovanni Guida. Scc-recursiveness: a general schema for argumentation semantics. Artificial Intelligence, 168(1-2):162–210, 2005.
Pietro Baroni, Massimiliano Giacomin, and Beishui Liao. Locality and modularity in abstract argumentation. Handbook of formal argumentation, pages 937–979, 2018.
Howard Barringer, Dov Gabbay, and John Woods. Temporal dynamics of support and attack networks: From argumentation to zoology. Mechanizing Mathematical Reason-ing: Essays in Honor of Jörg H. Siekmann on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday, pages 59–98, 2005.
Ringo Baumann. What does it take to enforce an argument? Minimal change in abstract argumentation. In ECAI 2012, pages 127–132. IOS Press, 2012.
Ringo Baumann, Gerhard Brewka, and Markus Ulbricht. Revisiting the foundations of abstract argumentation–semantics based on weak admissibility and weak defense. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, volume 34, pages 2742–2749, 2020.
Dorothea Baumeister, Daniel Neugebauer, and Jörg Rothe. Collective acceptability in abstract argumentation. Handbook of Formal Argumentation, Volume 2, 2021.
Lars Bengel, Lydia Blümel, Tjitze Rienstra, and Matthias Thimm. Argumentation-based probabilistic causal reasoning. In Conference on Advances in Robust Argumentation Machines, pages 221–236. Springer, 2024.
Elfia Bezou-Vrakatseli. Evaluation of LLM reasoning via argument schemes. Online Handbook of Argumentation for AI, 4, 2023.
Stefano Bistarelli, Francesco Santini, et al. Weighted argumentation. Handbook of Formal Argumentation, Volume 2, 2021.
Elizabeth Black, Nicolas Maudet, and Simon Parsons. Argumentation-based dialogue. Handbook of Formal Argumentation, Volume 2, 2021.
Guido Boella, Dov M Gabbay, Leendert van der Torre, and Serena Villata. Meta-argumentation modelling I: Methodology and techniques. Studia Logica, 93:297–355, 2009.
Guido Boella, Dov M Gabbay, Leendert van der Torre, and Serena Villata. Support in abstract argumentation. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computational Models of Argument (COMMA’10), pages 40–51. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2010.
AnneMarie Borg and Floris Bex. Minimality, necessity and sufficiency for argumentation and explanation. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, page 109143, 2024.
G. Brewka and T. Eiter. Preferred answer sets for extented logic programs. Artif. Intell., 109:297–356, 1999.
Gerhard Brewka. Reasoning about priorities in default logic. In Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard E. Korf, editors, Proc. of the 12th National Conference on AI, volume 2, pages 940–945. AAAI Press / The MIT Press, 1994.
Katarzyna Budzynska, Serena Villata, et al. Processing natural language argumenta-tion. Handbook of formal argumentation, 1:577–627, 2018.
Martin Caminada. Semi-stable semantics. COMMA, 144:121–130, 2006.
Martin Caminada. Argumentation semantics as formal discussion. Journal of Applied Logics, 4(8):2457–2492, 2017.
Martin Caminada. Argumentation semantics as formal discussion. Handbook of Formal Argumentation, 1:487–518, 2018.
Martin Caminada. Rationality postulates: Applying argumentation theory for non-monotonic reasoning. Handbook of Formal Argumentation, Volume 1, pages 771–796, 2018.
Martin Caminada and Leila Amgoud. An axiomatic account of formal argumentation. In AAAI, volume 6, pages 608–613, 2005.
Martin Caminada and Leila Amgoud. On the evaluation of argumentation formalisms. Artificial Intelligence, 171(5-6):286–310, 2007.
Martin Caminada and Jonathan Ben-Naim. Postulates for paraconsistent reasoning and fault tolerant logic programming. PhD thesis, Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, 2007.
Martin Caminada and Gabriella Pigozzi. On judgment aggregation in abstract argu-mentation. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 22:64–102, 2011.
Martin Caminada and Yining Wu. On the limitations of abstract argumentation. In Proceedings of the 23rd Benelux Conference on Artificial Intelligence (BNAIC 2011), pages 59–66, 2011.
Martin WA Caminada, Walter A Carnielli, and Paul E Dunne. Semi-stable semantics. Journal of Logic and Computation, 22(5):1207–1254, 2012.
Martin WA Caminada and Dov M Gabbay. A logical account of formal argumentation. Studia Logica, 93:109–145, 2009.
Martinus Wigbertus Antonius Caminada, Sanjay Modgil, and Nir Oren. Preferences and unrestricted rebut. Computational Models of Argument, 2014.
Federico Castagna, Nadin Kökciyan, Isabel Sassoon, Simon Parsons, and Elizabeth Sklar. Computational argumentation-based chatbots: a survey. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 80:1271–1310, 2024.
Federico Castagna, Peter McBurney, and Simon Parsons. Explanation–question– response dialogue: An argumentative tool for explainable AI. Argument & Com-putation, (Preprint):1–23, 2024.
Federico Castagna, Isabel Sassoon, and Simon Parsons. Can formal argumentative reasoning enhance LLMs performances? arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.13036, 2024.
Claudette Cayrol, Andrea Cohen, and Marie Christine Lagasquie Schiex. Higher-order interactions (bipolar or not) in abstract argumentation: a state of the art. 2021.
Claudette Cayrol and Marie-Christine Lagasquie-Schiex. On the acceptability of arguments in bipolar argumentation frameworks. In European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning and Uncertainty, pages 378–389. Springer, 2005.
Claudette Cayrol and Marie-Christine Lagasquie-Schiex. Bipolar abstract argumentation systems. In Argumentation in Artificial Intelligence, pages 65–84. Springer, 2009.
Claudette Cayrol and Marie-Christine Lagasquie-Schiex. Coalitions of arguments: A tool for handling bipolar argumentation frameworks. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 25(1):83–109, 2010.
Claudette Cayrol and Marie-Christine Lagasquie-Schiex. Bipolarity in argumentation graphs: Towards a better understanding. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 54(7):876–899, 2013.
Federico Cerutti, Marcos Cramer, Mathieu Guillaume, Emmanuel Hadoux, Anthony Hunter, and Sylwia Polberg. Empirical cognitive studies about formal argumentation. Handbook of Formal Argumentation, Volume 2, 2021.
James S Coleman. Micro foundations and macrosocial behavior. Angewandte Sozial-forschung anc AIAS Informationen Wien, 12(1-2):25–37, 1984.
Marcos Cramer and Mathieu Guillaume. Directionality of attacks in natural language argumentation. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings. RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, 2018.
Marcos Cramer and Mathieu Guillaume. Empirical cognitive study on abstract argumentation semantics. In Computational Models of Argument, pages 413–424. IOS Press, 2018.
Marcos Cramer and Mathieu Guillaume. Empirical study on human evaluation of complex argumentation frameworks. In Logics in Artificial Intelligence: 16th European Conference, JELIA 2019, Rende, Italy, May 7–11, 2019, Proceedings 16, pages 102– 115. Springer, 2019.
Newton CA Da Costa. On the theory of inconsistent formal systems. Notre dame journal of formal logic, 15(4):497–510, 1974.
Newton CA Da Costa, Décio Krause, and Otávio Bueno. Paraconsistent logics and paraconsistency. In Philosophy of logic, pages 791–911. Elsevier, 2007.
Valdemar Danry, Pat Pataranutaporn, Yaoli Mao, and Pattie Maes. Don’t just tell me, ask me: AI systems that intelligently frame explanations as questions improve human logical discernment accuracy over causal AI explanations. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1–13, 2023.
Jérémie Dauphin and Marcos Cramer. ASPIC-END: structured argumentation with explanations and natural deduction. In Theory and Applications of Formal Argumen-tation: 4th International Workshop, TAFA 2017, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, August 19-20, 2017, Revised Selected Papers 4, pages 51–66. Springer, 2018.
Artur S D’Avila Garcez, Dov M Gabbay, and Luis C Lamb. Value-based argumentation frameworks as neural-symbolic learning systems. Journal of Logic and Computation, 15(6):1041–1058, 2005.
James Delgrande, Torsten Schaub, Hans Tompits, and Kewen Wang. A classification and survey of preference handling approaches in nonmonotonic reasoning. Computational Intelligence, 20(2):308–334, 2004.
Huimin Dong, Beishui Liao, Reka Markovich, and Leendert van der Torre. From classical to non-monotonic deontic logic using ASPIC+. In Logic, Rationality, and Interaction: 7th International Workshop, LORI 2019, Chongqing, China, October 18– 21, 2019, Proceedings 7, pages 71–85. Springer, 2019.
Huimin Dong, Réka Markovich, and Leendert van der Torre. Towards AI logic for social reasoning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.04452, 2021.
Phan Minh Dung. On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in non-monotonic reasoning, logic programming and n-person games. Artificial intelligence, 77(2):321–357, 1995.
Phan Minh Dung. An axiomatic analysis of structured argumentation for prioritized default reasoning. volume 263 of Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pages 267–272. IOS Press, 2014.
Phan Minh Dung. An axiomatic analysis of structured argumentation with priorities. Artif. Intell., 231:107–150, 2016.
Phan Minh Dung and Phan Minh Thang. Fundamental properties of attack relations in structured argumentation with priorities. Artificial Intelligence, 255:1–42, 2018.
FIPA. Communicative act library specification. http://www. fipa. org/specs/fipa00037, 2002.
Dov M Gabbay and Lydia Rivlin. Heal2100: human effective argumentation and logic for the 21st century. The next step in the evolution of logic. IFCoLog Journal of Logics and Their Applications, 2017.
Artur SD’Avila Garcez, Luis C Lamb, and Dov M Gabbay. Neural-symbolic cognitive reasoning. Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.
Anis Gargouri, Sébastien Konieczny, Pierre Marquis, and Srdjan Vesic. On a notion of monotonic support for bipolar argumentation frameworks. In 20th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems, 2020.
Michael Georgeff, Barney Pell, Martha Pollack, Milind Tambe, and Michael Wooldridge. The belief-desire-intention model of agency. In Intelligent Agents V: Agents Theories, Architectures, and Languages: 5th International Workshop, ATAL’98 Paris, France, July 4–7, 1998 Proceedings 5, pages 1–10. Springer, 1999.
Massimiliano Giacomin. Handling heterogeneous disagreements through abstract argumentation (extended abstract). In PRIMA 2017: Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems, pages 3–11, 2017.
Christelle Gillioz and Sandrine Zufferey. Introduction to experimental linguistics. John Wiley & Sons, 2020.
Enrico Giunchiglia, Joohyung Lee, Vladimir Lifschitz, Norman McCain, and Hudson Turner. Nonmonotonic causal theories. Artificial Intelligence, 153(1-2):49–104, 2004.
Thomas F Gordon. The Pleadings Game: An exercise in computational dialectics. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 2:239–292, 1993.
Thomas F Gordon. Towards requirements analysis for formal argumentation. In Pietro Baroni, Dov Gabbay, Massimiliano Giacomin, and Leendert van der Torre, editors, Handbook of formal argumentation, Volume 1, pages 145–156. College Publictions, 2018.
Thomas F Gordon, Henry Prakken, and Douglas Walton. The Carneades model of argument and burden of proof. Artificial Intelligence, 171(10-15):875–896, 2007.
Guido Governatori, Michael J Maher, and Francesco Olivieri. Strategic argumentation. Handbook of Formal Argumentation, Volume 2, 2021.
Fauzia Zahira Munirul Hakim, Lia Maulia Indrayani, and Rosaria Mita Amalia. A dialogic analysis of compliment strategies employed by Replika chatbot. In Third International conference of arts, language and culture (ICALC 2018), pages 266–271. Atlantis Press, 2019.
C. L. Hamblin. Fallacies. Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie, 33(1):183–188, 1970.
Jesse Heyninck. Investigations into the logical foundations of defeasible reasoning: an argumentative perspective. PhD thesis, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, 2019.
Martin Hinton and Jean HM Wagemans. How persuasive is AI-generated argumenta-tion? An analysis of the quality of an argumentative text produced by the GPT-3 AI text generator. Argument & Computation, 14(1):59–74, 2023.
Souhila Kaci, Leendert van Der Torre, Srdjan Vesic, and Serena Villata. Preference in abstract argumentation. Handbook of Formal Argumentation, Volume 2, 2021.
Antonis Kakas and Pavlos Moraitis. Argumentation based decision making for au-tonomous agents. In Proceedings of the second international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems, pages 883–890, 2003.
Immanuel Kant. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Hackett Publishing Com-pany, Indianapolis, 3rd edition, 1993. [1785].
Michail Kissine. Speech act classifications. Pragmatics of speech actions, 173:202, 2013.
Aleks Knocks, Muyun Shao, Leendert ver der Torre, Vincent De Wit, and Liuwen Yu. A principle-based analysis for numerical balancing. In Logics for New-Generation Artificial Intelligence (LNGAI2024). College Publications, United Kingdom, 2024.
Aleks Knoks and Leendert van der Torre. Reason-based detachment. In Logics for New-Generation Artificial Intelligence (LNGAI2023). College Publications, London, United Kingdom, 2023.
Sarit Kraus, Daniel Lehmann, and Menachem Magidor. Nonmonotonic reasoning, preferential models and cumulative logics. Artificial intelligence, 44(1-2):167–207, 1990.
João Leite and João G. Martins. Social abstract argumentation. In Toby Walsh, editor, IJCAI 2011, Proceedings of the 22nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, July 16-22, 2011, pages 2287–2292. IJCAI/AAAI, 2011.
Beishui Liao, Nir Oren, Leendert van der Torre, and Serena Villata. Prioritized norms in formal argumentation. Journal of Logic and Computation, 29(2):215–240, 2019.
Beishui Liao, Pere Pardo, Marija Slavkovik, and Leendert van der Torre. The Jiminy advisor: Moral agreements among stakeholders based on norms and argumentation. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 77:737–792, 2023.
Beishui Liao and Leendert van der Torre. Attack-defense semantics of argumentation. In Computational Models of Argument, pages 133–144. IOS Press, 2024.
Luca Longo, Mario Brcic, Federico Cabitza, Jaesik Choi, Roberto Confalonieri, Javier Del Ser, Riccardo Guidotti, Yoichi Hayashi, Francisco Herrera, Andreas Holzinger, et al. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) 2.0: A manifesto of open challenges and interdisciplinary research directions. Information Fusion, 106:102301, 2024.
David Makinson. Bridges from classical to nonmonotonic logic. King’s College, 2005.
Réka Markovich. On the formal structure of rules in conflict of laws. In JURIX, pages 199–204, 2019.
Peter McBurney and Simon Parsons. Games that agents play: A formal framework for dialogues between autonomous agents. Journal of Logic, Language and Information, 11(3):315–334, 2002.
Peter McBurney and Simon Parsons. Locutions for argumentation in agent interaction protocols. In International Workshop on Agent Communication, pages 209–225. Springer, 2004.
Peter McBurney, Simon Parsons, et al. Argument schemes and dialogue protocols: Doug walton’s legacy in artificial intelligence. FLAP, 8(1):263–290, 2021.
Rosalind McDougall, Cade Shadbolt, and Lynn Gillam. The practice of balancing in clinical ethics case consultation. Clinical Ethics, 15(1):49–55, 2020.
Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber. The enigma of reason. Harvard University Press, 2017.
Sanjay Modgil and Henry Prakken. A general account of argumentation with prefer-ences. Artif. Intell., 195:361–397, 2013.
Sanjay Modgil and Henry Prakken. The ASPIC+ framework for structured argumen-tation: a tutorial. Argument Comput., 5(1):31–62, 2014.
David John Moore. Dialogue game theory for intelligent tutoring systems. PhD thesis, Leeds Metropolitan University, 1993.
Elena Musi and Rudi Palmieri. The fallacy of explainable generative AI: evidence from argumentative prompting in two domains. 2022.
John F Nash Jr. Equilibrium points in n-person games. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 36(1):48–49, 1950.
Andreas Niskanen, Johannes P Wallner, and Matti Järvisalo. Extension enforcement under grounded semantics in abstract argumentation. In Sixteenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, 2018.
Farid Nouioua and Vincent Risch. Bipolar argumentation frameworks with special-ized supports. In 2010 22nd IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, volume 1, pages 215–218. IEEE, 2010.
Donald Nute. Defeasible logic. Handbook of logic in artificial intelligence and logic programming, 3:353–395, 1994.
Kenichi Okuno and Kazuko Takahashi. Argumentation system with changes of an agent’s knowledge base. In Twenty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Citeseer, 2009.
Pere Pardo and Christian Straßer. Modular orders on defaults in formal argumenta-tion. Journal of Logic and Computation, 2022.
Pere Pardo, Liuwen Yu, Chen Chen, and Leendert van der Torre. Weakest link, priori-tised default logic and principles in argumentation. Journal of Logic and Computation, 2024. Forthcoming.
P Jonathon Phillips, P Jonathon Phillips, Carina A Hahn, Peter C Fontana, Amy N Yates, Kristen Greene, David A Broniatowski, and Mark A Przybocki. Four principles of explainable artificial intelligence. 2021.
Gabriella Pigozzi and Leendert van der Torre. Arguing about constitutive and regu-lative norms. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics, 28(2-3):189–217, 2018.
Sylwia Polberg and Anthony Hunter. Empirical evaluation of abstract argumentation: Supporting the need for bipolar and probabilistic approaches. Int. J. Approx. Reason., 93:487–543, 2018.
John L Pollock. Defeasible reasoning. Cognitive science, 11(4):481–518, 1987.
John L Pollock. How to reason defeasibly. Artificial Intelligence, 57(1):1–42, 1992.
John L Pollock. Justification and defeat. Artificial Intelligence, 67(2):377–407, 1994.
John L Pollock. Cognitive carpentry: A blueprint for how to build a person. Mit Press, 1995.
John L Pollock. Defeasible reasoning with variable degrees of justification. Artificial intelligence, 133(1-2):233–282, 2001.
John L Pollock. A recursive semantics for defeasible reasoning. In Argumentation in artificial intelligence, pages 173–197. Springer, 2009.
John L Pollock. Defeasible reasoning and degrees of justification. Argument and Computation, 1(1):7–22, 2010.
Henry Prakken. An abstract framework for argumentation with structured arguments. Argument & Computation, 1(2):93–124, 2010.
Henry Prakken. Slides on nonmonotonic logic for commonsense reasoning, 2010.
Henry Prakken. Logical tools for modelling legal argument: a study of defeasible reasoning in law, volume 32. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
Henry Prakken. Historical overview of formal argumentation. In Handbook of formal argumentation, pages 73–141. College Publications, 2018.
Henry Prakken. On validating theories of abstract argumentation frameworks: the case of bipolar argumentation frameworks. In Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Computational Models of Natural Argument (CMNA 2020), Perugia, Italy (and on-line). CEUR-WS.org, 2020.
Henry Prakken. An abstract and structured account of dialectical argument strength. Artificial Intelligence, 335:104193, 2024.
Henry Prakken. On evaluating legal-reasoning capabilities of generative ai. In Proceedings of the 24th Workshop on Computational Models of Natural Argument, pages 100–112, 2024.
Henry Prakken and Giovanni Sartor. Law and logic: A review from an argumentation perspective. Artificial intelligence, 227:214–245, 2015.
Graham Priest. Paraconsistent logic. In Handbook of philosophical logic, pages 287– 393. Springer, 2002.
Iyad Rahwan, Sarvapali D Ramchurn, Nicholas R Jennings, Peter McBurney, Simon Parsons, and Liz Sonenberg. Argumentation-based negotiation. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 18(4):343–375, 2003.
John Rawls. Justice as fairness: A restatement. Harvard University Press, 2001.
Raymond Reiter. A logic for default reasoning. Artificial intelligence, 13(1-2):81–132, 1980.
Tjitze Rienstra, Chiaki Sakama, Leendert van der Torre, and Beishui Liao. A principle-based robustness analysis of admissibility-based argumentation semantics. Argument & Computation, 11(3):305–339, 2020.
Steven I Ross, Fernando Martinez, Stephanie Houde, Michael Muller, and Justin D Weisz. The programmer’s assistant: Conversational interaction with a large language model for software development. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pages 491–514, 2023.
Bram Roth and Bart Verheij. Cases and dialectical arguments–an approach to case-based reasoning. In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2004, pages 634–651. Springer, 2004.
Stuart J Russell and Peter Norvig. Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. London, 2010.
Leonard J Savage. The foundations of statistics. Courier Corporation, 1972.
Samuel Schindler, Anna Drozdzowicz, and Karen Brøcker. Linguistic intuitions: Evidence and method. Oxford University Press, 2020.
John R Searle. Expression and meaning: Studies in the theory of speech acts. Cambridge University Press, 1979.
Elizabeth I Sklar and Mohammad Q Azhar. Explanation through argumentation. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction, pages 277–285, 2018.
Christian Straßer and Ofer Arieli. Normative reasoning by sequent-based argumenta-tion. Journal of Logic and Computation, 29(3):387–415, 2019.
Katia P Sycara. Persuasive argumentation in negotiation. Theory and decision, 28:203–242, 1990.
Robert D Tennent. Semantics of programming languages. (No Title), 1991.
Stephen E Toulmin. The uses of argument. Cambridge university press, 1958.
David R Traum. Speech acts for dialogue agents. In Foundations of rational agency, pages 169–201. Springer, 1999.
Hudson Turner. Strong equivalence for causal theories. In Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning: 7th International Conference, LPNMR 2004 Fort Laud-erdale, FL, USA, January 6-8, 2004 Proceedings 7, pages 289–301. Springer, 2004.
Markus Ulbricht and Johannes P Wallner. Strong explanations in abstract argumen-tation. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, volume 35, pages 6496–6504, 2021.
Chris van der Lee, Albert Gatt, Emiel van Miltenburg, and Emiel Krahmer. Human evaluation of automatically generated text: Current trends and best practice guidelines. Computer Speech & Language, 67:101151, 2021.
Leendert van der Torre and Srdjan Vesic. The principle-based approach to abstract argumentation semantics. In Pietro Baroni, Dov Gabbay, Massimiliano Giacomin, and Leendert van der Torre, editors, Handbook of formal argumentation, Volume 1, pages 797–838. College Publictions, 2018.
Jan Albert Van Laar and Erik CW Krabbe. The role of argument in negotiation. Argumentation, 32(4):549–567, 2018.
Serena Villata, Guido Boella, and Leendert van der Torre. Attack semantics for abstract argumentation. In IJCAI. IJCAI/AAAI, 2011.
Giulia Vilone and Luca Longo. Classification of explainable artificial intelligence methods through their output formats. Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, 3(3):615–661, 2021.
Jacky Visser, John Lawrence, and Chris Reed. Reason-checking fake news. Commu-nications of the ACM, 63(11):38–40, 2020.
John Von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. Theory of games and economic behavior, 2nd rev. 1947.
Douglas Walton. Argumentation schemes for presumptive reasoning. Routledge, 2013.
Douglas Walton and Erik CW Krabbe. Commitment in dialogue: Basic concepts of interpersonal reasoning. State University of New York Press, 1995.
Douglas Walton, Christopher Reed, and Fabrizio Macagno. Argumentation schemes. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Douglas N Walton. What is reasoning? What is an argument? The Journal of Philosophy, 87(8):399–419, 1990.
Michael P Weinstock. Psychological research and the epistemological approach to argumentation. Informal Logic, 26(1):103–120, 2006.
Jon Williamson and Dov Gabbay. Recursive causality in Bayesian networks and self-fibring networks. Laws and models in the sciences, pages 173–221, 2005.
Anthony P. Young, Sanjay Modgil, and Odinaldo Rodrigues. Prioritised default logic as rational argumentation. In Catholijn M. Jonker, Stacy Marsella, John Thangara-jah, and Karl Tuyls, editors, Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Autonomous Agents & Multiagent Systems, pages 626–634. ACM, 2016.
Anthony P. Young, Sanjay Modgil, and Odinaldo Rodrigues. On the interaction between logic and preference in structured argumentation. In Elizabeth Black, Sanjay Modgil, and Nir Oren, editors, Theory and Applications of Formal Argumentation-4th International Workshop, volume 10757, pages 35–50. Springer, 2017.
Liuwen Yu. Distributed Argumentation Technology. PhD thesis, 2023.
Liuwen Yu, Caren Al Anaissy, Srdjan Vesic, Xu Li, and Leendert van der Torre. A principle-based analysis of bipolar argumentation semantics. In European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence, pages 209–224. Springer, 2023.
Liuwen Yu, Dongheng Chen, Lisha Qiao, Yiqi Shen, and Leendert van der Torre. A Principle-based Analysis of Abstract Agent Argumentation Semantics. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, pages 629–639, 11 2021.
Liuwen Yu and Dov Gabbay. Case-based reasoning via comparing the strength order of features. In International Workshop on Explainable, Transparent Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, pages 143–151. Springer, 2022.
Liuwen Yu, Réka Markovich, and Leendert Van Der Torre. Interpretations of support among arguments. In Legal Knowledge and Information Systems, pages 194–203. IOS Press, 2020.
Liuwen Yu, Mirko Zichichi, Markovich Réka, Najjar Amro, et al. Intelligent human-input-based blockchain oracle (IHiBO). In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART 2022), pages 1–12. SCITEPRESS, 2022.