artificial intelligence; machine learning; orthopaedics; research methods; sports medicine; Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Abstract :
[en] [en] UNLABELLED: Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) present a broad range of possibilities in medical research. However, orthopaedic researchers aiming to participate in research projects implementing AI-based techniques require a sound understanding of the technical fundamentals of this rapidly developing field. Initial sections of this technical primer provide an overview of the general and the more detailed taxonomy of AI methods. Researchers are presented with the technical basics of the most frequently performed machine learning (ML) tasks, such as classification, regression, clustering and dimensionality reduction. Additionally, the spectrum of supervision in ML including the domains of supervised, unsupervised, semisupervised and self-supervised learning will be explored. Recent advances in neural networks (NNs) and deep learning (DL) architectures have rendered them essential tools for the analysis of complex medical data, which warrants a rudimentary technical introduction to orthopaedic researchers. Furthermore, the capability of natural language processing (NLP) to interpret patterns in human language is discussed and may offer several potential applications in medical text classification, patient sentiment analysis and clinical decision support. The technical discussion concludes with the transformative potential of generative AI and large language models (LLMs) on AI research. Consequently, this second article of the series aims to equip orthopaedic researchers with the fundamental technical knowledge required to engage in interdisciplinary collaboration in AI-driven orthopaedic research.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.
Disciplines :
Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Author, co-author :
Zsidai, Bálint ; Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center Gothenburg Sweden ; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
Kaarre, Janina ; Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center Gothenburg Sweden ; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh USA
Narup, Eric; Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center Gothenburg Sweden ; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
Hamrin Senorski, Eric ; Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center Gothenburg Sweden ; Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden ; Sportrehab Sports Medicine Clinic Gothenburg Sweden
Pareek, Ayoosh ; Sports and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York USA
Grassi, Alberto; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden ; IIa Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Bologna Italy
LEY, Christophe ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Mathematics (DMATH)
Longo, Umile Giuseppe ; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico Rome Italy ; Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma Rome Italy
Herbst, Elmar ; Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery University Hospital Münster Münster Germany
Hirschmann, Michael T ; Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Head Knee Surgery and DKF Head of Research Kantonsspital Baselland Bruderholz Switzerland
Kopf, Sebastian ; Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology University Hospital Brandenburg a.d.H., Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane Brandenburg a.d.H. Germany ; Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane Brandenburg a.d.H. Germany
Seil, Romain ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Luxembourg Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg-Clinique d'Eich Luxembourg Luxembourg ; Luxembourg Institute of Research in Orthopaedics Sports Medicine and Science (LIROMS) Luxembourg Luxembourg ; Luxembourg Institute of Health, Human Motion, Orthopaedics Sports Medicine and Digital Methods (HOSD) Luxembourg Luxembourg
Tischer, Thomas ; Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery Erlangen Germany
Samuelsson, Kristian ; Sahlgrenska Sports Medicine Center Gothenburg Sweden ; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden ; Department of Orthopaedics Sahlgrenska University Hospital Mölndal Sweden
Feldt, Robert ; Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
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