NOMA-Based Ze-RIS Empowered Backscatter Communication With Energy-Efficient Resource Management

backscatter communication; energy harvesting; non-orthogonal multiple access; resource optimization; Zero-energy reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface; Backscatter communication; Energy; Multiple access; Non-orthogonal; Non-orthogonal multiple access; Reconfigurable; Reflecting surface; Resources optimization; Zero energies; Electrical and Electronic Engineering; NOMA; Backscatter; Wireless communication; Optimization; Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces; Energy efficiency; Array signal processing; Reflection coefficient; Resource management; Energy consumption

Abstract :

[en] This manuscript introduces a novel energy-efficient optimization strategy for a zero-energy reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface (Ze-RIS) supported backscatter communication system employing non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). The central objective is to maximize the energy-efficiency of the system by optimizing the several key parameters, including the amplitude reflection coefficient of Ze-RIS, the reflection coefficients of the backscatter tags, transmit beamforming at the base station, and passive beamforming at the Ze-RIS node, while incorporating a practical non-linear energy harvesting model both for the Ze-RIS and backscatter nodes. The proposed algorithm addresses the complex non-convex problem through three stages. Firstly, the transmit beamforming vectors are determined by leveraging the semi-definite programming and successive-convex approximation, while handling the rank-1 constraint with the semi-definite relaxation. Secondly, we determine the amplitude reflection coefficient of Ze-RIS by leveraging the monotonicity property of the objective function. Simultaneously, we compute the reflection coefficients of backscatter tags using the Dinkelbach algorithm, Lagrange duality, and the sub-gradient method. Thirdly, we compute passive beamforming using successive-convex approximation and semi-definite programming techniques, achieving a rank-1 solution through the penalty-based method. Finally, the numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its superiority over the benchmark competitors with rapid convergence within a few iterations.

Disciplines :

Computer science

Author, co-author :

ASIF, MUHAMMAD ; University of Luxembourg ; Jiangsu University, School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Zhenjiang, China

Bao, Xu ; Jiangsu University, School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Zhenjiang, China

Ihsan, Asim ; University of Cambridge, Department of Electrical Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Ullah Khan, Wali ; University of Luxembourg, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), Luxembourg City, Luxembourg

Li, Xingwang ; Henan Polytechnic University, School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Jiaozuo, China

CHATZINOTAS, Symeon ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom ; Kyung Hee University, College of Electronics and Information, Yongin-si, South Korea

Dobre, Octavia A. ; Memorial University, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, St. John’s, Canada

External co-authors :

yes

Language :

English

Title :

NOMA-Based Ze-RIS Empowered Backscatter Communication With Energy-Efficient Resource Management

Publication date :

25 February 2025

Journal title :

IEEE Transactions on Communications

ISSN :

0090-6778

eISSN :

1558-0857

Publisher :

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

7193 - 7209

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx8/26/11176786/10902441.pdf?arnumber=10902441

Funders :

Project 333 of Jiangsu Province
Jiangsu Provincial Excellent Postdoctoral Program

Funding text :

Received 8 August 2024; revised 6 December 2024 and 13 February 2025; accepted 18 February 2025. Date of publication 25 February 2025; date of current version 18 September 2025. This work was supported in part by Project 333 of Jiangsu Province; and also by the Jiangsu Provincial Excellent Postdoctoral Program (2024ZB878). The associate editor coordinating the review of this article and approving it for publication was X. Lei. (Corresponding author: Xu Bao.) Muhammad Asif and Xu Bao are with the School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (e-mail: masif@ujs.edu.cn; xbao@ujs.edu.cn).

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