legislation; meta-analysis; packaging; sudden infant death; Infant; Child; Humans; Europe; Parents; Drug Packaging; Infant Care/methods; Sleep; Sudden Infant Death/prevention & control; Infant Care; Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Abstract :
[en] [en] OBJECTIVE: To describe the level of inconsistency between pictures on baby diaper packaging and safe infant sleep recommendations (SISRs) in Europe.
STUDY DESIGN: We attempted to identify all packaging of baby diapers sold in 11 European countries for infants weighing less than 5 kg through internet searches from July 2022 through February 2023. For each type of package, we extracted whether there was a picture depicting a baby, whether the baby was sleeping, and whether the picture of the sleeping baby was inconsistent with ≥1 of 3 SISRs: (i) nonsupine sleeping position, (ii) soft objects or loose bedding, or (iii) sharing a sleep surface with another person. Data were aggregated at the country level, and a random-effects meta-analysis of proportions was used to obtain summary estimates. The outcome was the summary estimate of the proportion of pictures that were inconsistent with SISRs.
RESULTS: We identified 631 baby diaper packaging types of which 49% (95% CI: 42-57; n = 311) displayed a picture of a sleeping baby. Among those 311 packages, 79% (95% CI 73-84) were inconsistent with ≥1 SISR, including a nonsupine sleeping position, 45% (95% CI 39-51), soft objects or loose bedding such as pillows or blankets, 51% (95% CI 46-57), and sharing a sleep surface with another person, 10% (95% CI 4-18).
CONCLUSIONS: Pictures on baby diaper packaging in Europe are often inconsistent with SISRs. The prevention of sudden unexpected death in infancy requires action from manufacturers and legislators to stop parents' exposure to misleading images that may lead to dangerous practices.
Disciplines :
Pediatrics
Author, co-author :
de Visme, Sophie; Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, CHU de Nantes, INSERM, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergencies, CIC1413, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
Korevaar, Daniel A; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Gras-Le Guen, Christèle; Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, CHU de Nantes, INSERM, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergencies, CIC1413, Nantes Université, Nantes, France, CHU de Nantes, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergencies, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
Flamant, Alix; Department of General Pediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Bevacqua, Martina; Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Stanzelova, Anna; Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, Independent Researcher, Galway, Ireland
Trinh, Nhung T H; Department of Pharmacy, PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Ciobanu, Dalia-Alexandra; Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, Children's Hospital "Doctor Victor Gomoiu", Bucharest, Romania
Carvalho, Ana Araújo; Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Paediatric Department, Lisboa, Portugal
Kyriakoglou, Ifigeneia; Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, Department of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Fuentes, Maria; Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, Department of Pediatric Emergencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Refes, Yacine; Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Briand-Huchet, Elisabeth; Naître et Vivre, National Association for the Support of Bereaved Parents and the Fight Against Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy, Paris, France
Sellier, Anne-Laure; HEC Paris, Department of Marketing, Jouy-en-Josas, France
Harrewijn, Inge; Department of Neonatal Pediatrics and Intensive Care, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: i-harrewijn@chu-montpellier.fr
Cohen, Jérémie F; Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Chalumeau, Martin; Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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