Demand side flexibility; Energy efficiency; Energy literacy; Household energy consumption; Systematic literature review; Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract :
[en] Reaching the climate goals of the Paris Agreement requires major changes in how households use and manage energy. Energy literacy (EL), understood as people’s knowledge of how energy works and how their actions affect consumption, can help make these changes possible. However, research on EL has mostly focused on energy saving and has rarely explored how it relates to flexibility, such as shifting electricity use to different times of the day. This paper systematically reviews 45 peer-reviewed studies to understand how EL relates to household energy behaviour. We identify four groups of behaviours linked to EL: energy efficiency actions, energy efficiency investments, energy flexibility actions, and energy flexibility investments. Most studies find that people with higher EL are more likely to save energy and invest in efficient technologies. Evidence on flexibility is still limited but points to similar trends. We also show that specific skills matter: financial literacy and cost awareness may help with some investment decisions, while understanding tariffs and being able to adapt routines support flexibility. The review provides a clear framework that links knowledge and skills to practical outcomes. Strengthening energy literacy could make households more efficient, flexible, and active participants in a low-carbon energy system.
Research center :
Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT) > FINATRAX - Digital Financial Services and Cross-organizational Digital Transformations
Precision for document type :
Review article
Disciplines :
Management information systems Computer science Education & instruction
Author, co-author :
ANDOLFI, Laura ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > FINATRAX
PAVIĆ, Ivan ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > FINATRAX
External co-authors :
no
Language :
English
Title :
Know Better, Power Smarter: How Energy Literacy Relates to Household Energy Use
Publication date :
December 2025
Journal title :
Energy Research and Social Science
ISSN :
2214-6296
eISSN :
2214-6326
Publisher :
Elsevier Ltd
Volume :
130
Pages :
104419
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Focus Area :
Security, Reliability and Trust
Development Goals :
7. Affordable and clean energy 11. Sustainable cities and communities
This research was funded in part by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) and PayPal, PEARL grant reference 13342933/Gilbert Fridgen. Additionally, it was funded in part by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) , grant reference 14783405 . The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Creos Luxembourg under the research project FlexBeAn. The authors acknowledge the proofreading support of Stephen Evans. The authors are thankful to Lorenzo Burcheri, Muriel Frank, and Hanna Marxen, who provided valuable feedback on the paper. For the purpose of open access, and in fulfilment of the obligations arising from the grant agreement, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
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