[en] Although reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for shaping the propagation environment, it consists of a single-layer structure within inherent limitations regarding the number of beam steering patterns. Based on the recently revolutionary technology, denoted as stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM), we propose its implementation not only on the base station (BS) side in a massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) setup but also in the intermediate space between the base station and the users to adjust the environment further as needed. For the sake of convenience, we call the former BS SIM (BSIM), and the latter channel SIM (CSIM). To this end, we achieve hybrid wave-based combining at the BS and wave-based configuration at the intermediate space. Specifically, we propose a channel estimation method with reduced overhead, being crucial for SIM-assisted communications. Next, we derive the uplink sum spectral efficiency (SE) in closed form in terms of statistical channel state information (CSI). Notably, we optimize the phase shifts of both BSIM and CSIM simultaneously by using the projected gradient ascent method (PGAM). Compared to previous works on SIMs, we study the uplink transmission in a mMIMO setup, channel estimation in a single phase, a second SIM at the intermediate space, and simultaneous optimization of the two SIMs. Simulation results show the impact of various parameters on the sum SE, and demonstrate the superiority of our optimization approach compared to the alternating optimization (AO) method.
Disciplines :
Computer science
Author, co-author :
Papazafeiropoulos, Anastasios ; University of Hertfordshire, Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group, Hatfield, United Kingdom ; University of Luxembourg, SnT, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
Kourtessis, Pandelis ; University of Hertfordshire, Communications and Intelligent Systems Research Group, Hatfield, United Kingdom
CHATZINOTAS, Symeon ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom
Kaklamani, Dimitra I.; National Technical University of Athens, Microwave and Fiber Optics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
Venieris, Iakovos S.; National Technical University of Athens, Intelligent Communications and Broadband Networks Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Athens, Greece
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Performance of Double-Stacked Intelligent Metasurface-Assisted Multiuser Massive MIMO Communications in the Wave Domain
Publication date :
31 January 2025
Journal title :
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
ISSN :
1536-1276
eISSN :
1558-2248
Publisher :
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
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