Iterative Adaptive Approach for Respiratory Estimation Using SISO, SIMO, and MIMO Radars

Adaptive approach; Camera-based; ECG electrodes; Experimental analysis; Infineons; Non-contact and non-invasive; Respiration rate; Signal-processing; Texas Instruments'; Vital signs monitoring; Computer Networks and Communications; Computer Science Applications; Signal Processing; Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Instrumentation

Abstract :

[en] Radar-based vital sign monitoring has gained attention due to its non-contact and non-invasive nature, offering advantages over traditional methods such as ECG electrodes and camera-based systems. This paper presents the Iterative Adaptive Approach (IAA) for robustly estimating respiration rate using BGT60LTR11AIP, and BGT60TR13C from Infineon and IWR6843ISK from Texas Instruments, which are respectively, SISO, SIMO, and MIMO radar demo boards. By adaptively refining signal processing, through experimental analysis the proposed method steps to mitigate the impact of environmental disturbances and enhance the fidelity of vital sign measurements.

Disciplines :

Electrical & electronics engineering

Author, co-author :

MIRHOSSEINI, Seyedeh Fatemeh ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SPARC

Alaee-Kerahroodi, Mohammad; University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Dave, Palak; IEE S.A., Luxembourg

Olk, Andreas; IEE S.A., Luxembourg

Schroeder, Udo; IEE S.A., Luxembourg

External co-authors :

Language :

English

Title :

Iterative Adaptive Approach for Respiratory Estimation Using SISO, SIMO, and MIMO Radars

Publication date :

30 June 2025

Event name :

2025 26th International Radar Symposium (IRS)

Event place :

Hamburg, Germany

Event date :

21-05-2025 => 23-05-2025

Main work title :

2025 26th International Radar Symposium, IRS 2025

Publisher :

IEEE Computer Society

ISBN/EAN :

978-3-00-079305-9

Peer reviewed :

Peer reviewed

Additional URL :

http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx8/11046003/11046005/11046063.pdf?arnumber=11046063

Available on ORBilu :

since 20 October 2025

Statistics

Number of views

36 (4 by Unilu)

Number of downloads

60 (1 by Unilu)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

B.-G. Lee and W.-Y. Chung, “Driver alertness monitoring using fusion of facial features and bio-signals,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 2416–2422, 2012.
L. Leicht, M. Walter, M. Mathissen, C. H. Antink, D. Teichmann, and S. Leonhardt, “Unobtrusive measurement of physiological features under simulated and real driving conditions,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 4767–4777, 2022.
L. Anitori, A. de Jong, and F. Nennie, “Fmcw radar for life-sign detection,” in 2009 IEEE Radar Conference. IEEE, 2009, pp. 1–6.
W. Hu, Z. Zhao, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, and F. Lin, “Noncontact accurate measurement of cardiopulmonary activity using a compact quadrature doppler radar sensor,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 725–735, 2014.
B. Elmakhzangy, F. Aziz, Y. ElZawahry, C. Maufroy, U. Schneider, and M. F. Huber, “Improved multi-person vital signs estimation algorithm in sitting and standing positions using mimo fmcw radar,” in 2023 IEEE International Radar Conference (RADAR), 2023, pp. 1–6.
P. Stoica, R. L. Moses et al., Spectral analysis of signals. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2005, vol. 452.
T. Yardibi, J. Li, P. Stoica, M. Xue, and A. B. Baggeroer, “Source localization and sensing: A Nonparametric Iterative Adaptive Approach Based on Weighted Least Squares,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 425–443, 2010.
J. Tian, B. Zhang, W. Cui, and S. Wu, “Joint Iterative Adaptive Approach for sidelobe suppression and migration correction of migrating targets,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, pp. 1–23, 2024.
B.-s. Kim, J. Lee, S. Kim, and R. M. Narayanan, “MIMO imaging method with extrapolation-iterative adaptive approach-based super-resolution technique for automotive radar,” in 2024 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf24), 2024, pp. 1–6.
X. Shang, J. Liu, and J. Li, “Multiple object localization and vital sign monitoring using IR-UWB MIMO radar,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 4437–4450, 2020.
C. Huan, P. Kontou, S. B. Smida, and D. E. Anagnostou, “Dual-band CW radar system for vital signs detection with interference cancellation method,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, pp. 1–16, 2024.
Infineon Technologies AG. (2024) Demo BGT60LTR11AIP getting started with the XENSIV™ 60GHz BGT60LTR11AIP radar sensor demo board for motion sensing. [Online]. Available: https://www.infineon.com/cms/en/product/evaluation-boards/demo-bgt60ltr11aip/
I. T. AG. (2024) DEMO BGT60TR13C: Getting started with the XENSIV™ 60GHz BGT60TR13C radar sensor demo board for advanced sensing. [Online]. Available: https://www.infineon.com/cms/en/product/evaluation-boards/demo-bgt60tr13c/
T. Instruments. (2024) IWR6843 evaluation module for single-chip 60GHz long-range antenna mmwave sensor. [Online]. Available: https://www.ti.com/product/IWR6843ISK/part-details/IWR 6843ISK
R. Amar, M. Alaee-Kerahroodi, P. Babu, and B. S. M. R., “Designing interference-immune doppler-tolerant waveforms for radar systems,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 2402–2421, 2023.
J. J. de Witt and G.-J. van Rooyen, “A blind I/Q imbalance compensation technique for direct-conversion digital radio transceivers,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 2077–2082, 2009.
Neulog. (2011-2017) Neulog. [Online]. Available: https://neulog.com/respiration-monitor-belt/
M. Xue, L. Xu, and J. Li, “IAA spectral estimation: Fast implementation using the Gohberg–Semencul factorization,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 3251–3261, 2011.
“Mi-Wave’s 261,” https://system.miwv.com/storage/datasheets/261V-25-385.pdf?v=1629231541, accessed: 2010-09-30.
RPG Radiometer physics GmbH. (2014) Fs-z75. [Online]. Available: https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/nl/products/test-and-measurement/harmonic-mixers/rpg-fs-zxx-harmonic-mixers 63493-4 21184.html
Keysight. (2024) Demo N5183x Keysight N5183x MXG X-Series microwave analog signal generator. [Online]. Available: https://www.keysight.com/us/en/product/N5183B/mxg-x-series-microwave-analog-signal-generator-9-khz-40-ghz.html
Rohde and Schwarz. (2024) The rohde & schwarz signal and spectrum analyzer portfolio. [Online]. Available: https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/products/test-and-measurement/signal-and -spectrum-analyzers 63665.html?mid=10918&midx=r-eu-brand-spectrum-analyzer r-eu-b rand search text-ad r-eu &kw=r%26s%20fsv