Adverse event; Care providers; Impact; Maternity care; Midwives; Nurses; Obstetricians; Perinatal period; Severe event; Support; Trauma; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Perinatal Care/standards; Maternal Health Services/standards; Health Personnel/psychology; Health Policy
Abstract :
[en] [en] BACKGROUND: Severe events during the perinatal period can be experienced as traumatic by pregnant women, their partners or others who are closely involved. This includes maternity care providers who can be affected by being involved in or observing these events. This may have an impact on their personal well-being and professional practice, influencing quality of care. The aim of this study is to map research investigating the impact of severe events during the perinatal period on maternity care providers, and how these experiences affect their well-being and professional practice.
METHOD: A scoping review following the manual of the Joanna Briggs Institute was undertaken. The electronic bibliographic databases included PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, SocINDEX, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science and databases for grey literature. Records passing the two-stage screening process were assessed, and their reference lists hand searched. We included primary research papers that presented data from maternity care professionals on the impact of severe perinatal traumatic events. A descriptive content analysis and synthesis was undertaken.
RESULTS: Following a detailed systematic search and screening of 1,611 records, 57 papers were included in the scoping review. Results of the analysis identified four categories, which highlighted the impact of traumatic perinatal events on maternity care providers, mainly midwives, obstetricians and nurses: Traumatic events, Impact of traumatic events on care providers, Changes in care providers' practice and Support for care providers; each including several subcategories.
CONCLUSION: The impact of traumatic perinatal events on maternity care providers ranged from severe negative responses where care providers moved position or resigned from their employment in maternity care, to responses where they felt they became a better clinician. However, a substantial number appeared to be negatively affected by traumatic events without getting adequate support. Given the shortage of maternity staff and the importance of a sustainable workforce for effective maternity care, the impact of traumatic perinatal events requires serious consideration in maintaining their wellbeing and positive engagement when conducting their profession. Future research should explore which maternity care providers are mostly at risk for the impact of traumatic events and which interventions can contribute to prevention.
Disciplines :
Public health, health care sciences & services
Author, co-author :
Nieuwenhuijze, Marianne ✱; CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 60, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands. mj.nieuwenhuijze@maastrichtuniversity.nl
Leahy-Warren, Patricia ✱; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Healy, Maria ✱; Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
Aktaş, Songül ✱; Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
Aydin, Ruveyde ✱; Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
Calleja-Agius, Jean ✱; University of Malta, Msida, Malta
Goberna-Tricas, Josefina ✱; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Hadjigeorgiou, Eleni ✱; Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
Henriksen, Lena ✱; Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
Horsch, Antje ✱; University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Lange, Ute ✱; University of Applied Sciences Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Murphy, Margaret ✱; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
PIERRON, Annabelle ✱; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM) ; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Schäfers, Rainhild ✱; University of Münster, Münster, Germany
Pajalic, Zada ✱; VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
Verhoeven, Corine ✱; Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Berdun, Dolores Ruiz ✱; University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
Hossain, Sheima ✱; University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
This paper is based upon work from COST Action CA18211 Perinatal Mental Health & Birth Trauma: Maximising Best Practice & Optimal Outcomes https://www.ca18211.eu/ , supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. COST Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and beyond to enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career, and innovation ( www.cost.eu ).
L.S. O’Brien Traumatic events and mental health 1998 Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press 10.1017/CBO9780511570124
Mental Health Foundation, Trauma. 2021. Available from: https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/explore-mental-health/a-z-topics/trauma. Accessed Apr 2023.
R.R. Jimenez S. Andersen H. Song C. Townsend Vicarious trauma in mental health care providers J Interprofessional Educ Pract 2021 24 1 4
K. Kendall-Tackett C.T. Beck Secondary traumatic stress and moral injury in maternity care providers: a narrative and exploratory review. Front Global Women’s Health 2022 3 52
J. Leinweber Y. Fontein-Kuipers G. Thomson S.I. Karlsdottir C. Nilsson A. Ekström-Bergström I. Olza E. Hadjigeorgiou C. Stramrood Developing a woman-centered, inclusive definition of traumatic childbirth experiences: a discussion paper Birth 2022 49 4 687 696 10.1111/birt.12634 35403241
G. Fenech G. Thomson Tormented by ghosts from their past’: a meta-synthesis to explore the psychosocial implications of a traumatic birth on maternal well-being Midwifery 2014 30 2 185 193 10.1016/j.midw.2013.12.004 24411664
S. Ayers S.N. Radoš S. Balouch Narratives of traumatic birth: quality and changes over time Psychol Trauma: Theory Res Pract Policy 2015 7 3 234 10.1037/a0039044
K. Sheen H. Spiby P. Slade Exposure to traumatic perinatal experiences and posttraumatic stress symptoms in midwives: prevalence and association with burnout Int J Nurs Stud 2015 52 2 578 587 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.006 25561076
J. Leinweber H.J. Rowe The costs of ‘being with the woman’: secondary traumatic stress in midwifery Midwifery 2010 26 1 76 87 10.1016/j.midw.2008.04.003 18562056
C. Favrod L. Jan du Chêne C. Martin Soelch S. Garthus-Niegel J.-F. Tolsa F. Legault V. Briet A. Horsch Mental Health symptoms and work-related stressors in Hospital midwives and NICU nurses: a mixed methods study Frontier Psychiatry 2018 9 364 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00364
M.A.M. Baas K.W.F. Scheepstra C.A.I. Stramrood R. Evers L.M. Dijksman M.G. van Pampus Work-related adverse events leaving their mark: a cross-sectional study among Dutch gynecologists BMC Psychiatry 2018 18 1 73 10.1186/s12888-018-1659-1 29566667 5863895
A.L. Walker J. Gamble D.K. Creedy D.A. Ellwood Impact of traumatic birth on Australian obstetricians: a pilot feasibility study Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2020 60 4 555 560 10.1111/ajo.13107 31828770
N. Uddin S. Ayers R. Khine R. Webb The perceived impact of birth trauma witnessed by maternity health professionals: a systematic review Midwifery 2022 114 103460 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103460 36058189
C.T. Beck R.K. Gable A mixed methods study of secondary traumatic stress in labor and delivery nurses J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nursing 2012 41 6 747 760 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01386.x
A.E.P. Heazell D. Siassakos H. Blencowe C. Burden Z.A. Bhutta J. Cacciatore N. Dang J. Das V. Flenady K.J. Gold O.K. Mensah J. Millum D. Nuzum K. O’Donoghue M. Redshaw A. Rizvi T. Roberts H.E. Toyin Saraki C. Storey A.M. Wojcieszek S. Downe Lancet ending preventable Stillbirths Series study group; lancet ending preventable stillbirths investigator group. Stillbirths: economic and psychosocial consequences Lancet 2016 387 10018 604 616 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00836-3 26794073
Å. Wahlberg U. Högberg M. Emmelin Left alone with the emotional surge–A qualitative study of midwives’ and obstetricians’ experiences of severe events on the labour ward Sex Reproductive Healthc 2020 23 100483 10.1016/j.srhc.2019.100483
R. Aydin S. Aktaş Midwives’ experiences of traumatic births: a systematic review and meta-synthesis Eur J Midwifery 2021 5 31 1 10 10.18332/ejm/138197
B. André R.H.T. Dahlø T.B. Eilertsen G.I. Ringdal Culture of silence: midwives’, obstetricians’ and nurses’ experiences with perinatal death Clin Nurs Stud 2016 4 4 58 62
Å. Wahlberg M. Andreen Sachs K. Johannesson G. Hallberg M. Jonsson A. Skoog Svanberg U. Högberg Post-traumatic stress symptoms in Swedish obstetricians and midwives after severe obstetric events: a cross-sectional retrospective survey BJOG 2017 124 8 1264 1271 1:STN:280:DC%2BC2szkt1yrsQ%3D%3D 10.1111/1471-0528.14259 27562912
Å. Wahlberg M. Andreen Sachs K. Bergh Johannesson G. Hallberg M. Jonsson A. Skoog Svanberg U. Högberg Self-reported exposure to severe events on the labour ward among Swedish midwives and obstetricians: a cross-sectional retrospective study Int J Nurs Studies 2017 65 8 16 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.10.009
K. Katsantoni A. Zartaloudi D. Papageorgiou M. Drakopoulou E. Misouridou Prevalence of compassion fatigue, burn-out and compassion satisfaction among maternity and gynecology care providers in Greece Materia socio-medica 2019 31 3 172 10.5455/msm.2019.31.172-176 31762697 6853751
S. Çankaya Y. Erkal Aksoy S. Dereli Yılmaz Midwives’ experiences of witnessing traumatic hospital birth events: a qualitative study J Eval Clin Pract 2021 27 4 847 857 10.1111/jep.13487 33006235
I. Hildingsson K. Westlund I. Wiklund Burnout in Swedish midwives Sex Reproductive Healthc 2013 4 3 87 91 10.1016/j.srhc.2013.07.001
J. Leinweber D.K. Creedy H. Rowe J. Gamble A socioecological model of posttraumatic stress among Australian midwives Midwifery 2017 45 7 13 10.1016/j.midw.2016.12.001 27960122
S. Nightingale H. Spiby K. Sheen P. Slade Posttraumatic stress symptomatology following exposure to perceived traumatic perinatal events within the midwifery profession: the impact of trait emotional intelligence J Adv Nurs 2018 74 9 2115 2125 10.1111/jan.13719
H. Arksey L. O’Malley Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework Int J Soc Res Methodol 2005 8 19 32 10.1080/1364557032000119616
D. Levac H. Colquhoun K.K. O’Brien Scoping studies: advancing the methodology Implement Sci 2010 5 1 9 10.1186/1748-5908-5-69
A.C. Tricco E. Lillie W. Zarin et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation Ann Intern Med 2018 169 467 473 10.7326/M18-0850 30178033
H.M. Daudt C. van Mossel S.J. Scott Enhancing the scoping study methodology: a large, inter-professional team’s experience with Arksey and O’Malley’s framework BMC Med Res Methodol 2013 13 10.1186/1471-2288-13-48 23522333 3614526
M.J. Page J.E. McKenzie P.M. Bossuyt I. Boutron T.C. Hoffmann C.D. Mulrow et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews BMJ 2021 372 n71 10.1136/bmj.n71 33782057 8005924
A.W. Wu Medical error: the second victim. The doctor who makes the mistake needs help too BMJ 2000 320 7237 726 727 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7osFCjsg%3D%3D 10.1136/bmj.320.7237.726 10720336 1117748
J. Leinweber D.K. Creedy H. Rowe J. Gamble Responses to birth trauma and prevalence of posttraumatic stress among Australian midwives Women Birth 2017 30 1 40 45 10.1016/j.wombi.2016.06.006 27425165
World Health Organization (WHO). Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. Geneva: WHO., 2018. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550215. Accessed Apr 2023.
C. Feeley G. Thomson Why do some women choose to freebirth in the UK? An interpretative phenomenological study BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016 21 59 10.1186/s12884-016-0847-6
S. Ayers A. Horsch S. Garthus-Niegel M. Nieuwenhuijze A. Bogaerts K. Hartmann et al. Traumatic birth and childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder: International expert consensus recommendations for practice, policy, and research Women Birth 2023 S1871–5192 23 00309 00308
H. Keedle R. Lockwood W. Keedle D. Susic H. Dahlen What women want if they were to have another baby: the Australian birth experience study (BESt) cross-sectional national survey BMJ Open 2023 13 9 e071582 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071582 37666545 10496680
G. Moncrieff H. Cheyne S. Downe B. Hunter Factors that influence midwives’ leaving intentions: a moral imperative to intervene Midwifery 2023 125 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103793 37633108
P. Slade K. Sheen S. Collinge J. Butters H. Spiby A programme for the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder in midwifery (POPPY): indications of effectiveness from a feasibility study Eur J Psychotraumatology 2018 9 1 1518069 10.1080/20008198.2018.1518069
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), ICM, WHO. State of the World’s Midwifery 2021. New York: UNFPA., 2021. Available from: https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/21-038-UNFPA-SoWMy2021-Report-ENv4302.pdf. Accessed Apr 2023.
World Health Organization. The prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth. Geneva: WHO., 2015. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/134588. Accessed Apr 2023.
International Confederation of Midwives respect toolkit. Available from: https://www.internationalmidwives.org/our-work/other-resources/respect-toolkit.html.
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics., 2021. Available from: https://www.figo.org/resources/figo-statements/health-system-strengthening-and-respectful-care.
R. Allen F. Watt B. Jansen E. Coghlan E.A. Nathan Minimising compassion fatigue in obstetrics/gynaecology doctors: exploring an intervention for an occupational hazard Australas Psychiatry 2017 25 4 403 406 10.1177/1039856217700776 28347148
M.C. Delaney Caring for the caregivers: evaluation of the effect of an eight-week pilot mindful self-compassion (MSC) training program on nurses’ compassion fatigue and resilience PLoS ONE 2018 1311 e0207261 10.1371/journal.pone.0207261
K. Schrøder T. Bovil J.S. Jørgensen C. Abrahamsen Evaluation of ‘the Buddy Study’, a peer support program for second victims in healthcare: a survey in two Danish hospital departments BMC Health Serv Res 2022 22 1 566 10.1186/s12913-022-07973-9 35477365 9043887
D. Nuzum S. Meaney K. O’Donoghue The impact of stillbirth on consultant obstetrician gynaecologists: a qualitative study BJOG 2014 121 8 1020 1028 1:STN:280:DC%2BC2cvpvVygtw%3D%3D 10.1111/1471-0528.12695 24589177
