Beamforming; reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS); secrecy rate; UAV trajectory; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); Aerial vehicle; Array signal processing; Reconfigurable; Reconfigurable intelligent surface; Rician channels; Secrecy rate; Uncertainty; Unmanned aerial vehicle; Unmanned aerial vehicle trajectory; Urban areas; Vehicle trajectories; Control and Systems Engineering; Information Systems; Computer Science Applications; Computer Networks and Communications; Electrical and Electronic Engineering; Autonomous aerial vehicles; Trajectory; Transforms
Abstract :
[en] In this article, we study the secure communication in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aided and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) empowered multiuser networks. In the proposed configuration, we consider UAV-mounted RIS to reflect the signal between the base station and the legitimate users in the presence of eavesdroppers. The problem is formulated as secrecy rate maximization with channel uncertainty constraints, which is nonconvex. Therefore, we decouple it into beamforming, phase shift, and UAV trajectory subproblems which are jointly optimized. For the beamforming and phase shift subproblems, we apply S-procedure and general sign-definiteness to transform them into tractable forms. And for the UAV trajectory, we unroll the constraints and apply first-order Taylor transform and the difference of two convex functions (DC) to obtain a relaxed convex problem that can be numerically solved. The proposed solution show effectiveness and improved the secrecy rate of the network.
Disciplines :
Electrical & electronics engineering
Author, co-author :
BABIKIR MOHAMMAD ADAM, Abuzar ✱; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom
Ouamri, Mohamed Amine ✱; University Sorbonne Paris Nors, Network and Télécommunications Department, IUT Villetaneuse, L2TI LABORATORY, Villetaneuse, France
Wan, Xiaoyu ✱; Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing, China
Muthanna, Mohammed Saleh Ali ✱; Southern Federal University, Institute of Computer Technologies and Information Security, Taganrog, Russian Federation
Alkanhel, Reem ✱; Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Muthanna, Ammar ✱; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Li, Xingwang ✱; Henan Polytechnic University, School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Jiaozuo, China
✱ These authors have contributed equally to this work.
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Secure Communication in UAV-RIS-Empowered Multiuser Networks: Joint Beamforming, Phase Shift, and UAV Trajectory Optimization
Publication date :
June 2024
Journal title :
IEEE Systems Journal
ISSN :
1932-8184
eISSN :
1937-9234
Publisher :
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program Surveying Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Cognitive Radio and Information Processing, Ministry of Education Guilin University of Electronic Technology Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province
S. Li, B. Duo, X. Yuan, Y. Liang, and M. D. Renzo, "Reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted UAV communication: Joint trajectory design and passive beamforming, " IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 716-720, May 2020.
X. Fan, M. Liu, Y. Chen, S. Sun, and Z. Li, "RIS-Assisted UAV for fresh data collection in 3D urban environments: A deep reinforcement learning approach, " IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 632-647, Jan. 2023.
Y. Zhou, F. Zhou, H. Zhou, D.W. K. Ng, and R. Q. Hu, "Robust trajectory and transmit power optimization for secure UAV-enabled cognitive radio networks, " IEEE Trans.Commun., vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 4022-4034, Jul. 2020.
B. Feng, J. Gao, Y.Wu, W. Zhang, X. G. Xia, and C. Xiao, "Optimization techniques in reconfigurable intelligent surface aided networks, " IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 87-93, Dec. 2021.
B. Xiong, Z. Zhang, H. Jiang, J. Zhang, L. Wu, and J. Dang, "A 3D non-stationary MIMO channel model for reconfigurable intelligent surface auxiliary UAV-to-Ground mmWave communications, " IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 5658-5672, Jul. 2022.
K. Tian, B. Duo, S. Li, Y. Zuo, and X. Yuan, "Hybrid uplink and downlink transmissions for full-duplex UAV communication with RIS, " IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 866-870, Apr. 2022.
X. Li et al., "UAV-enabled multi-pair massive MIMO-NOMA relay systems with low-resolution ADCs/DACs, " IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 2171-2186, Feb. 2024.
L.Wei, K.Wang, C. Pan, and M. Elkashlan, "Secrecy performance analysis of RIS-Aided communication system with randomly flying eavesdroppers, " IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 2240-2244, Oct. 2022.
B. Shang, H.V. Poor, and L. Liu, "Aerial reconfigurable intelligent surfaces meet mobile edge computing, " IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 104-111, Dec. 2022.
T. V. Nguyen, H. D. Le, and A. T. Pham, "On the design of RIS-UAV relay-assisted hybrid FSO/RF satellite-aerial-ground integrated network, " IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Ele. Syst., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 757-771, Apr. 2023.
M. Samir, M. Elhattab, C. Assi, S. Sharafeddine, and A. Ghrayeb, "Optimizing age of information through aerial reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A deep reinforcement learning approach, " IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 3978-3983, Apr. 2021.
A. B. M. Adam, M. S. A. Muthanna, A. Muthanna, T. N. Nguyen, and A. A. A. El-Latif, "Toward smart traffic management with 3D placement optimization in UAV-Assisted NOMA IIoT networks, " IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 15448-15458, Dec. 2023.
Z. Zhai, X. Dai, B. Duo, X. Wang, and X. Yuan, "Energy-efficient UAVMounted RIS assisted mobile edge computing, " IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 2507-2511, Dec. 2022.
X. Li et al., "Reliability and security of CR-STAR-RIS-NOMA assisted IoT networks, " lEEE Internet Things J., early access, 2023, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2023.3340371.
A. B. M. Adam, M. A. Ouamri, M. S. A. Muthanna, X. Li, M. A. M. Elhassan, and A. Muthanna, "Real-time and security-aware precoding in RIS-Empoweredmulti-user wireless networks, " [Online].Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.00192
D. Tyrovolas, P. V. Mekikis, S. A. Tegos, P. D. Diamantoulakis, C. K. Liaskos, and G.K.Karagiannidis, "Energy-aware design ofUAV-Mounted RIS networks for IoT data collection, " IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 1168-1178, Feb. 2023.
E. M. Mohamed, S. Hashima, and K. Hatano, "Energy aware multi-armed bandit for millimeter wave based UAV mounted RIS networks, " IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1293-1297, Jun. 2022.
X. Liu, Y. Yu, F. Li, and T. S. Durrani, "Throughput maximization for RIS-UAV relaying communications, " IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 19569-19574, Oct. 2022.
H. B. Jeon, S. H. Park, J. Park, K. Huang, and C. B. Chae, "An energyefficient aerial backhaul system with reconfigurable intelligent surface, " IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun., vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 6478-6494, Aug. 2022.
P. Chen, Z. Chen, B. Zheng, and X. Wang, "Efficient DOA estimation method for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces aided UAV swarm, " IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 70, pp. 743-755, 2022.
B. Shang, E. S. Bentley, and L. Liu, "UAV swarm-enabled aerial reconfigurable intelligent surface: Modeling, analysis, and optimization, " IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 3621-3636, Jun. 2023.
Z. Mohamed and S. Aïssa, "Energy-efficient joint broadcast-unicast communications via dual-polarized aerial RIS, " IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 2113-2126, Mar. 2023.
P. Mursia, F. Devoti, V. Sciancalepore, and X. Costa-Pérez, "RISe of flight: RIS-Empowered UAV communications for robust and reliable airto-ground networks, " IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc., vol. 2, pp. 1616-1629, 2021.
A. A. Salem, M. H. Ismail, and A. S. Ibrahim, "Active reconfigurable intelligent surface-assisted MISO integrated sensing and communication systems for secure operation, " IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 4919-4931, Apr. 2023.
M. Eskandari, A. V. Savkin, and W. Ni, "Consensus-based autonomous navigation of a team of RIS-Equipped UAVs for LoS wireless communication with mobile nodes in high-density areas, " IEEE Trans. Automat. Sci. Eng., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 923-935, Apr. 2023.
H. Zhang, M. Huang, H. Zhou, X.Wang, N.Wang, and K. Long, "Capacity maximization in RIS-UAVnetworks:ADDQN-based trajectory and phase shift optimization approach, " IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 2583-2591, Apr. 2023.
A. V. Savkin, C. Huang, and W. Ni, "Joint Multi-UAV path planning and LoS communication for mobile edge computing in IoT networks with RISs, " IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 2720-2727, Feb. 2023.
Y. Xu, H. Xie, Q. Wu, C. Huang, and C. Yuen, "Robust max-min energy efficiency for RIS-Aided HetNets with distortion noises, " IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 1457-1471, Feb. 2022.
A. B. M. Adam et al., "Intelligent and robust UAV-Aided multiuser RIS communication technique with jittering UAV and imperfect hardware constraints, " IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 72, no. 8, pp. 10737-10753, Aug. 2023.
D. W. K. Ng, E. S. Lo, and R. Schober, "Robust beamforming for secure communication in systems with wireless information and power transfer, " IEEE Trans.Wireless Commun., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 4599-4615, Aug. 2014.
E. A. Gharavol and E. G. Larsson, "The sign-definiteness lemma and its applications to robust transceiver optimization for multiuser MIMO systems, " IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 238-252, Jan. 2013.
S. Khobahi and M. Soltanalian, "Model-based deep learning for one-bit compressive sensing, " IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 68, pp. 5292-5307, 2020.
Y. Liu et al., "Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: Principles and opportunities, " IEEE Commun. Surveys Tut, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1546-1577, thirdquarter 2021.
X. D. Zhang, Matrix Analysis and Applications. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2017.
