Elif Mendos Kuskonmaz, Privacy and Border Controls in the Fight against Terrorism: A Fundamental Rights Analysis of Passenger Data Sharing (Brill Nijhoff 2021).
David Lyon, ‘Airport Screening, Surveillance, and Social Sorting: Canadian Responses to 9/11 in Context’ (2006) 48(3) Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 397
Peter Hobbing, ‘Tracing Terrorists: The EU-Canada Agreement in PNR Matters’ (CEPS Special Report, September 2008).
Christopher Docksey, ‘Opinion 1/15: Privacy and Security, Finding the Balance’ (2017) 24(6) Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 768
Arianna Vedaschi, ‘The European Court of Justice on the EU-Canada Passenger Name Record Agreement’ (2018) 14 European Constitutional Law Review 410
Edoardo Celeste, ‘The Court of Justice and the Ban on Bulk Data Retention: Expansive Potential and Future Scenarios’ (2019) 15(1) European Constitutional Law Review 134.
Winston J Maxwell, ‘Systematic Government Access to Private Sector Data in France’ in Fred H Cate and James X Dempsey (eds), Bulk Collection (OUP 2017) 55–56.
Evelien Brouwer, ‘Ligue des droits humains and the Validity of the PNR Directive: Balancing Individual Rights and State Powers in Times of New Technologies’ (2023) 60(3) Common Market Law Review 839
Christian Thonnes, ‘A Directive Altered beyond Recognition: On the Court of Justice of the European Union’s PNR decision (C-817/19)’ (Verfassungsblog, 23 June 2022) accessed 10 July 2024
Kristina Irion, ‘Repairing the EU Passenger Name Record Directive: The ECJ’s judgment in Ligue des droits humains (Case C-817/19)’ (European Law Blog, 11 October 2022) accessed 10 July 2024.
Janneke Gerards and Raphaële Xenidis, ‘Algorithmic Discrimination in Europe: Challenges and opportunities for gender equality and non-discrimination law’ (Publications Office of the EU 2021) 33.
Reuben Binns and Michael Veale, ‘Is that your Final Decision? Multi-stage Profiling, Selective Effects, and Article 22 of the GDPR’ (2021) 11(4) International Data Privacy Law 319.
Zhiyuan Chen and others, ‘Machine Learning Techniques for Anti-money Laundering (AML) Solutions in Suspicious Transaction Detection: A Review’ (2018) 57 Knowledge and Information Systems 245–85.
Niovi Vavoula, ‘Transforming Migration, Asylum and Border Management in the EU: The Roles of the AI Act, Interoperable Large-scale IT Systems and EU Migration Agencies’ (forthcoming Computer Law & Security Review).
European Commission, ‘Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down rules to prevent and combat child sexual abuse’ (COM)2022 209 final (‘CSAM Proposal’).
Christian Thönnes and Niovi Vavoula, ‘Automated Predictive Threat Detection after Ligue des Droits Humains—Implications for ETIAS and CSAM (Part II)’ (Verfassungsblog, 12 May 2023) accessed 10 July 2024.
Tal Zarksy, ‘The Trouble with Algorithmic Decisions: An Analytic Road Map to Examine Efficiency and Fairness in Automated and Opaque Decision Making’ (2016) 41(1) Science, Technology, & Human Values 118
Jennifer Cobbe and Jatinder Singh, ‘Reviewable Automated Decision Making’ (2020) 39 Computer Law & Security Review 1.
‘Examining the Black-Box: Tools for Assessing Algorithmic Systems’ (Ada Lovelace Institute, 29 April 2020). accessed 10 July 2024.
Bryce Goodman, ‘Discrimination, Data Sanitisation and Auditing in the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation’ (2016) 2(4) European Data Protection Law Review 493.
Paul de Hert, ‘A Human Rights Perspective on Privacy and Data Protection Impact Assessments’ in David Wright and Paul de Hert, Privacy Impact Assessment (Springer 2021).
Margot E Kaminski and Gianclaudio Malgieri, ‘Algorithmic impact assessments under the GDPR: producing multi-layered explanations’ (2021) 11(2) International Data Privacy Law 125.
Rasmus Wandall and others, ‘Misuse of Interpol’s Red Notices and impact on human rights—recent developments’ (Study for the Subcommittee on Human Rights (DROI) of the European Parliament, P 603.472, January 2019).
Niovi Vavoula, Immigration and Privacy in the Law of the EU (Brill Nijhoff 2022) 184–86, 278–79, 281–82, 357–60.
Andrea Romei and Salvatore Ruggieri, ‘Discrimination Data Analysis: A Multi-disciplinary Bibliography’ in B Custers and others (eds), Discrimination and Privacy in the Information Society—Data Mining and Profiling in Large Databases (Springer 2013) 109
EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), ‘Big Data: Discrimination in Data-Supported Decision Making’ (2018)
Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius, ‘Discrimination, Artificial Intelligence, and Algorithmic Decision-Making’ (Council of Europe, Directorate General of Democracy, 2018).
Valsamis Mitsilegas and others, ‘Data Retention and the Future of Large-Scale Surveillance: The Evolution and Contestation of Judicial Benchmarks’ (2022) European Law Journal 176, 191.
Alessandra Calvi, ‘Exploring the Synergies between Non-Discrimination and Data Protection: What Role for EU Data Protection Law to Address Intersectional Discrimination?’ (2023) 14(2) European Journal of Law & Technology
Abolfazl Asudeh and others, ‘Designing Fair Ranking Schemes’ (2019) Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data 1259
Ke Yang, Joshua R Loftus, and Julia Stoyanovich, ‘Causal Intersectionality and Fair Ranking’ (2021) 192
National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), ‘Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) Part 3: Demographic Effects’ (2019).
Pawel Drozdowski and others, ‘Demographic Bias in Biometrics: A Survey on an Emerging Challenge’ (2020) 1(2) IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society 89, 98.
Saar Alon-Barkat and Madalina Busuioc, ‘Human-AI Interactions in Public Sector Decision-Making: “Automation Bias” and “Selective Adherence” to Algorithmic Advice’ (2023) 33(1) Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 153.
Matthias Leese, ‘The New Profiling: Algorithms, Black Boxes, and the Failure of Anti-discriminatory Safeguards in the European Union’ (2014) 45(5) Security Dialogue 494.
Paul de Hert and Serge Gutwirth, ‘Data Protection in the Case Law of Strasbourg and Luxembourg’ in Serge Gutwirth and others (eds), Reinventing Data Protection? (Springer 2009)
Maria Tzanou, The Fundamental Right to Data Protection: Normative Value in the Context of Counter-Terrorism Surveillance (Hart 2017) 24–31.
Raphael Gellert and Serge Gutwirth, ‘The Legal Construction of Privacy and Data Protection’ (2013) 29 Computer Law & Security Review 530.
Lee A Bygrave, ‘Article 22-Automated Individual Decision Making including Profiling’ in Christopher Kuner, Lee A Bygrave, and Christopher Docksey (eds), The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): A Commentary (OUP 2020) 522.
Isak Mendoza and Lee A Bygrave, ‘The Right Not to Be Subject to Automated Decisions Based on Profiling’ (University of Oslo Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 2017-20, 8 May 2017)
Orla Lynskey, ‘Criminal Justice Profiling and EU Data Protection Law: Precarious Protection from Predictive Policing’ (2019) 15 International Journal of Law in Context 162.
Isak Mendoza and Lee A Bygrave, ‘The Right Not to Be Subject to Automated Decisions Based on Profiling’ (2017)
Sandra Wachter, Brent Mittelstadt and Luciano Floridi, ‘Why a Right to Explanation of Automated Decision-Making Does not Exist in the General Data Protection Regulation’ (2017) 7(2) International Data Privacy Law 91
Maja Brkan ‘Do Algorithms Rule the World? Algorithmic Decision-Making and Data Protection in the Framework of the GDPR and beyond’ (2019) 27 International Journal of Law and Information Technology 91.
Athina Sachoulidou and Niovi Vavoula, ‘Artificial Intelligence and Surveillance’ in James Sperling and Sonia Lucarelli (eds), Handbook on Governance and the EU (Edward Elgar, forthcoming 2024).