Beyond Diagonal RIS for 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks: Potentials and Challenges

Phase response; Reconfigurable; Response elements; Response matrices; Simple++; Surface architectures; Surface technology; Terrestrial networks; Wireless channel; Wireless environment; Software; Information Systems; Hardware and Architecture; Computer Networks and Communications

Abstract :

[en] Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a promising technology in both terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) due to its ability to manipulate wireless environments for better connectivity. Significant studies have been focused on conventional RIS with diagonal phase response matrices. This simple RIS architecture, though less expensive, has limited flexibility in engineering the wireless channels. As the latest member of RIS technology, beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) has recently been proposed in terrestrial setups. Due to the interconnected phase response elements (PREs), BD-RIS significantly enhances the control over the wireless environment. This work proposes the potential and challenges of BD-RIS in NTNs. We begin with the motivation and recent advances in BD-RIS. Subsequently, we discuss the fundamentals of BD-RIS and NTNs. We then outline the application of BD-RIS in NTNs, followed by a case study on BD-RIS enabled non-orthogonal multiple access low earth orbit satellite communication. Finally, we highlight challenges and research directions with concluding remarks.

Disciplines :

Computer science

Author, co-author :

KHAN, Wali Ullah ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom

MAHMOOD, Asad ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom

Jamshed, Muhammad Ali ; College of Science and Engineering, United Kingdom

LAGUNAS, Eva ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom

Ahmed, Manzoor ; School of Computer and Information Science, China ; Hubei Engineering University, Institute for AI Industrial Technology Research, Xiaogan City, China

CHATZINOTAS, Symeon ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom

External co-authors :

yes

Language :

English

Title :

Beyond Diagonal RIS for 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks: Potentials and Challenges

Original title :

[en] Beyond Diagonal RIS for 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks: Potentials and Challenges

Publication date :

14 October 2024

Journal title :

IEEE Network

ISSN :

0890-8044

eISSN :

1558-156X

Publisher :

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

Special issue title :

Multi-Function Reconfigurable Intelligent and Holographic Surfaces for 6G Networks

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx8/65/7593428/10716670.pdf?arnumber=10716670

Data Set :

https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.proxy.bnl.lu/document/10716670/

Available on ORBilu :

since 11 December 2024

Statistics

Number of views

110 (3 by Unilu)

Number of downloads

0 (0 by Unilu)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

M. M. Azari, S. Solanki, S. Chatzinotas, O. Kodheli, H. Sallouha, A. Colpaert, J. F. Mendoza Montoya, S. Pollin, A. Haqiqatnejad, A. Mostaani, E. Lagunas, and B. Ottersten, “Evolution of non-terrestrial networks from 5g to 6g: A survey,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 2633–2672, 2022.
W. U. Khan, A. Mahmood, C. K. Sheemar, E. Lagunas, S. Chatzinotas, and B. Ottersten, “Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for 6g non-terrestrial networks: Assisting connectivity from the sky,” IEEE Internet of Things Magazine, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 34–39, 2024.
M. Nerini, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, “Discrete-value group and fully connected architectures for beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 72, no. 12, pp. 16 354–16 368, 2023.
H. Li, S. Shen, Y. Zhang, and B. Clerckx, “Channel estimation and beamforming for beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.18087, 2024.
T. Fang and Y. Mao, “A low-complexity beamforming design for beyond-diagonal ris aided multi-user networks,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 203–207, 2024.
T. Esmaeilbeig, K. V. Mishra, and M. Soltanalian, “Beyond diagonal RIS: Key to next-generation integrated sensing and communications?” arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.14157, 2024.
H. Li, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, “Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: A multi-sector mode enabling highly directional full-space wireless coverage,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 2446–2460, 2023.
A. Mahmood, T. X. Vu, W. U. Khan, S. Chatzinotas, and B. Ottersten, “Joint computation and communication resource optimization for beyond diagonal uav-irs empowered mec networks,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.07199, 2023.
M. Nerini, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, “Closed-form global optimization of beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 1037–1051, 2024.
M. Soleymani, I. Santamaria, E. A. Jorswieck, and B. Clerckx, “Optimization of rate-splitting multiple access in beyond diagonal ris-assisted urllc systems,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 5063–5078, 2024.
Z. Liu, Y. Liu, S. Shen, Q. Wu, and Q. Shi, “Enhancing isac network throughput using beyond diagonal ris,” IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, pp. 1–1, 2024.
Y. Zhou, Y. Liu, H. Li, Q. Wu, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, “Optimizing power consumption, energy efficiency and sum-rate using beyond diagonal ris — a unified approach,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, pp. 1–1, 2023.
H. Li, S. Shen, and B. Clerckx, “Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: From transmitting and reflecting modes to single-, group-, and fully-connected architectures,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 2311–2324, 2023.
M. A. Jamshed, A. Kaushik, M. Toka, W. Shin, M. Z. Shakir, S. P. Dash, and D. Dardari, “Synergizing airborne non-terrestrial networks and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces-aided 6g iot,” IEEE Internet of Things Magazine, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 46–52, 2024.
J. C. Liang, Q. Cheng, Y. Gao, C. Xiao, S. Gao, L. Zhang, S. Jin, and T. J. Cui, “An angle-insensitive 3-bit reconfigurable intelligent surface,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 8798–8808, 2021.