Battery storage; Electricity balancing; Electrolyzer; Fuel cell; Gas balancing; Hydrogen; Hydrogen network; Hydrogen storage; Photovoltaic plant; Electrolyzers; Hydrogen networks; Hydrogen technologies; Multi energy; PhotoVoltaic plant; Power; Service provisions; Building and Construction; Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; Mechanical Engineering; Energy (all); Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Abstract :
[en] Hydrogen technologies have gained momentum in recent years in the context of achieving fully renewable energy systems. Apart from the ability of electrolyzers and fuel cells to consume and generate green energy, the latest research on their technical characteristics also promotes them as providers of balancing services in both power and gas (either hydrogen or natural gas) systems. The balancing services provision is a highly uncertain process and is not scheduled in advance, however, due to signed contracts and rules, the provision of these services to the TSO is not considered as a deviation from the agreed schedule. Contrary to battery storage, whose operation only affects the power system power flows, the operation of power-to-hydrogen and hydrogen-to-power units in one system (e.g. power system) has an impact on the other system (e.g. gas) as well. Because of that, the unscheduled balancing services provision to one TSO will cause an imbalance towards the TSO in the other system. This impact remains unexplored in the available literature. In this paper, we propose a model of a PV-battery-hydrogen power plant participating in both the power and gas (hydrogen) system markets while acting as a provider of balancing services and the responsible party of its own balancing group in both systems as well. We analyze how considering the influence that energy-conversion units simultaneously have on both observed systems affects the realized profit of the power plant and we show that neglecting this impact increases the total imbalance costs of the power plant, and consequently reduces its overall profit.
Research center :
Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT) > FINATRAX - Digital Financial Services and Cross-organizational Digital Transformations
Disciplines :
Management information systems Computer science Electrical & electronics engineering Energy
Author, co-author :
Čović, Nikolina ; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
PAVIĆ, Ivan ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > FINATRAX
Pandžić, Hrvoje; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Multi-energy balancing services provision from a hybrid power plant: PV, battery, and hydrogen technologies
Publication date :
15 November 2024
Journal title :
Applied Energy
ISSN :
0306-2619
eISSN :
1872-9118
Publisher :
Elsevier Ltd
Volume :
374
Pages :
123966
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Focus Area :
Security, Reliability and Trust
Development Goals :
7. Affordable and clean energy 9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure
This research was funded in part by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) and PayPal, PEARL grant reference 13342933 / Gilbert FRIDGEN and by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) , grant reference 17742284 . For the purpose of open access, and in fulfillment of the obligations arising from the grant agreement, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
European Comission, EU strategy for energy system integration. 2020 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=COM:2020:299:FIN.
IEA, The future of hydrogen: Tech. rep., 2019, IEA.
European Comission. Hydrogen and decarbonised gas market package, https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/markets-and-consumers/market-legislation/hydrogen-and-decarbonised-gas-market-package_en#:~:text=That%20package%20promotes%20the%20demand%20and%20production%20of,gas%20markets%20decarbonisation%20package%2C%20published%20in%20December%202021.
Pan, G., Gu, W., Lu, Y., Zhou, S., Lu, S., Yao, S., Bi-level low-carbon optimal dispatch model for P2G plant within power and natural gas markets. 2020 IEEE power & energy society general meeting, 2020, 1–5, 10.1109/PESGM41954.2020.9282097.
Khani, H., Farag, H.E.Z., Optimal day-ahead scheduling of power-to-gas energy storage and gas load management in wholesale electricity and gas markets. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 9:2 (2018), 940–951, 10.1109/TSTE.2017.2767064.
Mhanna, S., Saedi, I., Mancarella, P., Zhang, Z., Coordinated operation of electricity and gas-hydrogen systems with transient gas flow and hydrogen concentration tracking. Electr Power Syst Res 0378-7796, 211, 2022, 108499, 10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108499 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378779622006046.
Pan, L., Xu, X., Liu, J., Hu, W., Adaptive robust scheduling of a hydro/photovoltaic/pumped-storage hybrid system in day-ahead electricity and hydrogen markets. Sustainable Cities Soc 2210-6707, 95, 2023, 104571, 10.1016/j.scs.2023.104571 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670723001828.
Wang, J., Xu, X., Wu, L., Huang, Q., Chen, Z., Hu, W., Risk-averse based optimal operational strategy of grid-connected photovoltaic/wind/battery/diesel hybrid energy system in the electricity/hydrogen markets. Int J Hydrog Energy 0360-3199, 48(12), 2023, 4631–4648, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.11.006 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319922051679.
Li, X., Mulder, M., Value of power-to-gas as a flexibility option in integrated electricity and hydrogen markets. Appl Energy 0306-2619, 304, 2021, 117863, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117863 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921011855.
Zhu, J., Meng, D., Dong, X., Fu, Z., Yuan, Y., An integrated electricity - hydrogen market design for renewable-rich energy system considering mobile hydrogen storage. Renew Energy 0960-1481, 202, 2023, 961–972, 10.1016/j.renene.2022.12.015 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148122018006.
Thakur, T., Goyal, S., Gambhir, J., Kaur, I., Optimisation of imbalance cost for wind power marketibility using hydrogen storage. 2008 joint international conference on power system technology and IEEE power India conference, 2008, 1–5, 10.1109/ICPST.2008.4745209.
Pandžić, K., Pavić, I., Andročec, I., Pandžić, H., Optimal battery storage participation in European energy and reserves markets. Energies 1996-1073, 13(24), 2020, 10.3390/en13246629 URL https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/24/6629.
Čović, N., Braeuer, F., McKenna, R., Pandžić, H., Optimal PV and battery investment of market-participating industry facilities. IEEE Trans Power Syst 36:4 (2021), 3441–3452, 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3047260.
ENTSO-E, N., Potential of P2H2 technologies to provide system services. 2022 https://eepublicdownloads.entsoe.eu/clean-documents/Publications/Position%20papers%20and%20reports/ENTSO-E_Study_on_Flexibility_from_Power-to-Hydrogen__P2H2_.pdf.
El-Taweel, N., Khani, H., Farag, H., Optimal sizing and scheduling of LOHC-based generation and storage plants for concurrent services to transportation sector and ancillary services market. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy, PP, 2019, 1, 10.1109/TSTE.2019.2926456.
Dadkhah, A., Bozalakov, D., De Kooning, J.D., Vandevelde, L., On the optimal planning of a hydrogen refuelling station participating in the electricity and balancing markets. Int J Hydrog Energy 0360-3199, 46(2), 2021, 1488–1500, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.130 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319920339781.
Wu, X., ZHAO, W., Li, H., Liu, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., Multi-stage stochastic programming based offering strategy for hydrogen fueling station in joint energy, reserve markets. Renew Energy, 180, 2021, 10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.076.
Maluenda, M., Córdova, S., Lorca, Á., Negrete-Pincetic, M., Optimal operation scheduling of a PV-BESS-electrolyzer system for hydrogen production and frequency regulation. Appl Energy 0306-2619, 344, 2023, 121243, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121243 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261923006074.
Saretta, M., Raheli, E., Kazempour, J., Electrolyzer scheduling for nordic FCR services. 2023 arXiv:2306.10962.
Klaas, A.-K., Beck, H.-P., Hauer, I., Sizing of hydrogen energy storage concepts for simultaneous participation in various energy markets. 2023 19th international conference on the European energy market, 2023, 1–8, 10.1109/EEM58374.2023.10161861.
Zhang, K., Zhou, B., Chung, C.Y., Bu, S., Wang, Q., Voropai, N., A coordinated multi-energy trading framework for strategic hydrogen provider in electricity and hydrogen markets. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 14:2 (2023), 1403–1417, 10.1109/TSG.2022.3154611.
Khazali, A., Torkzadeh, R., Chamorro, H.R., Makolo, P., Sood, V.K., Zamora, R., Power/hydrogen optimal stochastic scheduling considering frequency regulation markets. 2022 international conference on smart systems and technologies, SST, 2022, 21–25, 10.1109/SST55530.2022.9954830.
Zheng, Y., Huang, C., You, S., Zong, Y., Economic evaluation of a power-to-hydrogen system providing frequency regulation reserves: A case study of Denmark. Int J Hydrog Energy 0360-3199, 2023, 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.253 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319923013769.
Bobanac, V., Bašić, H., Pandžić, H., One-way voltaic and energy efficiency analysis for lithium-ion batteries. 13th Mediterranean conference on power generation, transmission, distribution and energy conversion, vol. 2022, 2022, 261–266, 10.1049/icp.2023.0003.
Pavić, I., Čović, N., Pandžić, H., PV–battery-hydrogen plant: Cutting green hydrogen costs through multi-market positioning. Appl Energy 0306-2619, 328, 2022, 120103, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120103 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261922013605.
HOPS, I., Pravila o uravnoteženju elektroenergetskog sustava. 2019.
Official Journal of the European Union, I., Pravila o organizaciji tržišta plina, čl. 14. 2014 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0312.
Hrvatski operator tržišta energije d.o.o, I., Pravila o organizaciji tržišta plina, čl. 14. 2018 https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2018_06_50_1007.html.
HROTE — Hrvatski operator tržišta energije d.o.o. https://www.hrote.hr/prvi-mjesecni-obracun-odstupanja-1587.
