COVID-19; adults; anxiety; depression; hope; mental health; multi-country; resilient coping; Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety/epidemiology; Brazil/epidemiology; Bulgaria; China; Communicable Disease Control; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression/epidemiology; Female; Humans; India; Ireland; Malaysia; Male; Mental Health; Republic of North Macedonia; SARS-CoV-2; Singapore; Spain; Turkey; Young Adult; Pandemics; Brazil; Pollution; Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health; Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Abstract :
[en] Despite the global impact of COVID-19, studies comparing the effects of COVID-19 on population mental health across countries are sparse. This study aimed to compare anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown among adults from 11 countries and to examine their associations with country-level COVID-19 factors and personal COVID-19 exposure. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in 11 countries (Brazil, Bulgaria, China, India, Ireland, North Macedonia, Malaysia, Singapore, Spain, Turkey, United States). Mental health (anxiety, depression, resilient coping, hope) and other study data were collected between June-August 2020. Of the 13,263 participants, 62.8% were female and 51.7% were 18-34 years old. Participants living in Brazil had the highest anxiety and depression symptoms while participants living in Singapore had the lowest. Greater personal COVID-19 exposure was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms, but country-level COVID-19 factors were not. Higher levels of hope were associated with reduced anxiety and depression; higher levels of resilient coping were associated with reduced anxiety but not depression. Substantial variations exist in anxiety and depression symptoms across countries during the COVID-19 lockdown, with personal COVID-19 exposure being a significant risk factor. Strategies that mitigate COVID-19 exposure and enhance hope and resilience may reduce anxiety and depression during global emergencies.
Disciplines :
Social & behavioral sciences, psychology: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Author, co-author :
Ding, Kele ; School of Health Science, College of Education Health & Human Service, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
Yang, Jingzhen ; Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
Chin, Ming-Kai; Foundation for Global Community Health, Las Vegas, NV 89012, USA
Sullivan, Lindsay ; Discipline of Children's Studies, School of Education, National University of Ireland, H91 Galway, Ireland
Demirhan, Giyasettin ; Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06420, Turkey
Violant-Holz, Veronica ; Department of Didactics and Educative Organization, University of Barcelona, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
Uvinha, Ricardo R ; School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01310, Brazil
Dai, Jianhui ; School of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
Xu, Xia; Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430021, China
POPESKA, Biljana ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences (FHSE) > Department of Education and Social Work (DESW) > Teaching and Learning ; Faculty of Educational Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia
Mladenova, Zornitza; Association of Touristic Animators, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
Khan, Waheeda; Faculty of Behavioural Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram 122505, India
Kuan, Garry ; Exercise and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
Balasekaran, Govindasamy ; National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 178957, Singapore
Smith, Gary A ; Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
On Behalf Of Global Community Health-Covid-Collaborative Research Team
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