Article (Scientific journals)
Effects of and Attention to Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packages
Süssenbach, Philipp; Niemeier, Sarah; Glock, Sabine
2013In Psychology and Health, 28, p. 1192-1206
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Abstract :
[en] Objective: The present study investigates the effects of graphic cigarette warnings compared to text-only cigarette warnings on smokers’ explicit (i.e. ratings of the packages, cognitions about smoking, perceived health risk, quit intentions) and implicit attitudes. In addition, participants’ visual attention towards the graphic warnings was recorded using eye-tracking methodology. Design and methods: Sixty-three smokers participated in the present study and either viewed graphic cigarette warnings with aversive and non-aversive images or text-only warnings. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and correlation analysis. Results: Especially, graphic cigarette warnings with aversive content drew attention and elicited high threat. However, whereas attention directed to the textual information of the graphic warnings predicted smokers’ risk perceptions, attention directed to the images of the graphic warnings did not. Moreover, smokers’ in the graphic warning condition reported more positive cognitions about smoking, thus revealing cognitive dissonance. Conclusion: Smokers employ defensive psychological mechanisms when confronted with threatening warnings. Although aversive images attract attention, they do not promote health knowledge. Implications for graphic health warnings and the importance of taking their content (i.e. aversive vs. non-aversive images) into account are discussed.
Disciplines :
Social, industrial & organizational psychology
Author, co-author :
Süssenbach, Philipp
Niemeier, Sarah
Glock, Sabine ;  University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education (FLSHASE) > Languages, Culture, Media and Identities (LCMI)
Language :
English
Title :
Effects of and Attention to Graphic Warning Labels on Cigarette Packages
Publication date :
2013
Journal title :
Psychology and Health
ISSN :
0887-0446
eISSN :
1476-8321
Publisher :
Routledge, Abingdon, United Kingdom
Volume :
28
Pages :
1192-1206
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBilu :
since 10 September 2013

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