Propagation Characteristics of a Partially Coherent Gaussian Schell-model Array Vortex Beam in the Joint Turbulence Effect of a Jet Engine and Atmosphere

This work investigates the joint effects of jet engine exhaust-induced
turbulence and atmospheric turbulence on the propagation of a partially
coherent Gaussian Schell-model Array (GSMA) vortex beam. Using the
two-process propagation method, analytical formulae are derived for the
cross-spectral density, spectral density, degree of coherence, and beam width
of the considered beam. The results show that the considered beam takes
different shapes; when the spatial coherence is large, the spectral density of
the GSMA vortex beam takes an elliptical shape, whereas when the spatial
coherence is smaller, the spectral density remains a Gaussian shape. The
evolution profile of the degree of coherence weakens gradually when the
propagation distance, topological charge, and turbulence strength increase.
Moreover, the profile of the degree of coherence takes the Gaussian profile
when the propagation distance is longer or turbulence atmospheric is
stronger. Furthermore, the results reveal that the corresponding beam
spreads faster with a larger propagation distance, lower spatial coherence,
and high-strength turbulence. This study also concludes from the results that
the beam is affected more when its propagation is near the jet engine exhaust,
which means that this latter has a significant impact.