Reference : Linking Physical Objects to Their Digital Twins via Fiducial Markers Designed for Inv...

	Document type :	Scientific journals : Article
	Subtype :	Critical notes/edition
	Discipline(s) :	Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences : Mathematics
	Focus Areas :	Physics and Materials Science
	To cite this reference:	http://hdl.handle.net/10993/53947

Title :	Linking Physical Objects to Their Digital Twins via Fiducial Markers Designed for Invisibility to Humans
Language :	English
Author, co-author :	Schwartz, Mathew [> >]
	Geng, Yong [University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Physics and Materials Science (DPHYMS)]
	Agha, Hakam [University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Physics and Materials Science (DPHYMS)]
	Kizhakidathazhath, Rijeesh [University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Physics and Materials Science (DPHYMS)]
	Liu, Danqing [> >]
	Lenzini, Gabriele [University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > IRiSC]
	Lagerwall, Jan [University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM) > Department of Physics and Materials Science (DPHYMS)]
Publication date :	4-Jun-2021
Journal title :	Multifunctional Materials
Volume :	4
Issue/season :	2
Special issue title :	Special issue on Morphological Computing
Pages :	022002
Peer reviewed :	Yes
Audience :	International
Keywords :	[en] cholesteric liquid crystals ; autonomous robots ; digital twin ; fiducial markers ; localization ; construction ; building information modeling
Abstract :	[en] The ability to label and track physical objects that are assets in digital representations of the world is foundational to many complex systems. Simple, yet powerful methods such as bar- and QR-codes have been highly successful, e.g. in the retail space, but the lack of security, limited information content and impossibility of seamless integration with the environment have prevented a large-scale linking of physical objects to their digital twins. This paper proposes to link digital assets created through building information modeling (BIM) with their physical counterparts using fiducial markers with patterns defined by cholesteric spherical reflectors (CSRs), selective retroreflectors produced using liquid crystal self-assembly. The markers leverage the ability of CSRs to encode information that is easily detected and read with computer vision while remaining practically invisible to the human eye. We analyze the potential of a CSR-based infrastructure from the perspective of BIM, critically reviewing the outstanding challenges in applying this new class of functional materials, and we discuss extended opportunities arising in assisting autonomous mobile robots to reliably navigate human-populated environments, as well as in augmented reality.
Funders :	European Commission - EC ; Fonds National de la Recherche - FnR ; Office of Naval Research Global
Target :	Researchers ; Professionals ; Students ; General public
Permalink :	http://hdl.handle.net/10993/53947
DOI :	10.1088/2399-7532/ac0060
FnR project :	FnR ; FNR11688643 > Jan Peter Felix Lagerwall > SSh > Security In The Shell > 01/05/2018 > 30/04/2021 > 2017

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