Backscatter Communications; Non-orthogonal Multiple Access; Energy efficiency
Abstract :
[en] In this manuscript, we propose an alternating optimization framework to maximize the energy efficiency of a backscatter-enabled cooperative Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system by optimizing the transmit power of the source, power allocation coefficients (PAC), and power of the relay node under imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) decoding. A three-stage low-complexity energy-efficient alternating optimization algorithm is introduced which optimizes the transmit power, PAC, and relay power by considering the quality of service (QoS), power budget, and cooperation constraints. Subsequently, a joint channel coding framework is introduced to enhance the performance of far user which has no direct communication link with the base station (BS) and has bad channel conditions. In the destination node, the far user data is jointly decoded using a Sum-product algorithm (SPA) based joint iterative decoder realized by jointly-designed Quasi-cyclic Low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes. Simulation results evince that the proposed backscatter-enabled cooperative NOMA system outperforms its counterpart by providing an efficient performance in terms of energy efficiency. Also, proposed jointly-designed QC-LDPC codes provide an excellent bit-error-rate (BER) performance by jointly decoding the far user data for considered BSC cooperative NOMA system with only a few decoding iterations.
Disciplines :
Electrical & electronics engineering
Author, co-author :
Asif, Muhammad
Ihsan, Asim
Khan, Wali Ullah ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT) > SigCom
Ranjha, Ali
Zhang, Shengli
Xiaoxiao, Sissi
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Energy-Efficient Backscatter-Assisted Coded Cooperative-NOMA for B5G Wireless Communications
Alternative titles :
[en] Energy-Efficient Backscatter-Assisted Coded Cooperative-NOMA for B5G Wireless Communications
Publication date :
20 October 2022
Journal title :
IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking
ISSN :
2473-2400
Publisher :
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
M. Giordani, M. Polese, M. Mezzavilla, S. Rangan, and M. Zorzi, "Toward 6G networks: Use cases and technologies," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 55-61, Mar. 2020.
F. Jameel, S. Zeb, W. U. Khan, S. A. Hassan, Z. Chang, and J. Liu, "NOMA-enabled backscatter communications: Toward battery-free IoT networks," IEEE Internet Things Mag., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 95-101, Dec. 2020.
W. Liu, K. Huang, X. Zhou, and S. Durrani, "Next generation backscatter communication: Systems, techniques, and applications," EURASIP J. Wireless Commun. Netw., vol. 2019, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2019.
W. U. Khan, F. Jameel, T. Ristaniemi, S. Khan, G. A. S. Sidhu, and J. Liu, "Joint spectral and energy efficiency optimization for downlink NOMA networks," IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 645-656, Jun. 2020.
A. U. Khan et al., "An enhanced spectrum reservation framework for heterogeneous users in CR-enabled IoT networks," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 2504-2508, Nov. 2021.
F. Jameel, R. Duan, Z. Chang, A. Liljemark, T. Ristaniemi, and R. Jantti, "Applications of backscatter communications for healthcare networks," IEEE Netw., vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 50-57, Nov./Dec. 2019.
W. U. Khan, X. Li, A. Ihsan, M. A. Khan, V. G. Menon, and M. Ahmed, "NOMA-enabled optimization framework for nextgeneration small-cell IoV networks under imperfect SIC decoding," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., early access, Jun. 29, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2021.3091402.
X. Lu, D. Niyato, H. Jiang, D. I. Kim, Y. Xiao, and Z. Han, "Ambient backscatter assisted wireless powered communications," IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 170-177, Apr. 2018.
W. U. Khan, M. A. Javed, T. N. Nguyen, S. Khan, and B. M. Elhalawany, "Energy-efficient resource allocation for 6G backscatter-enabled NOMA IoV networks," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 9775-9785, Jul. 2022.
A. Ihsan et al., "Energy-efficient cackscatter aided uplink NOMA roadside sensor communications under channel estimation errors," 2021, arXiv:2109.05341.
N. Van Huynh, D. T. Hoang, X. Lu, D. Niyato, P. Wang, and D. I. Kim, "Ambient backscatter communications: A contemporary survey," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 2889-2922, 4th Quart., 2018.
W. U. Khan et al., "Learning-based resource allocation for backscatteraided vehicular networks," IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 19676-19690, Oct. 2022.
X. Li et al., "Physical layer security of cognitive ambient backscatter communications for green Internet-of-Things," IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1066-1076, Sep. 2021.
O. Maraqa, A. S. Rajasekaran, S. Al-Ahmadi, H. Yanikomeroglu, and S. M. Sait, "A survey of rate-optimal power domain NOMA with enabling technologies of future wireless networks," IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 2192-2235, 4th Quart., 2020.
B. Makki, K. Chitti, A. Behravan, and M.-S. Alouini, "A survey of NOMA: Current status and open research challenges," IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc., vol. 1, pp. 179-189, 2020.
Z. Ding et al., "Application of non-orthogonal multiple access in LTE and 5G networks," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 185-191, Feb. 2017.
H. Guo, Y.-C. Liang, R. Long, and Q. Zhang, "Cooperative ambient backscatter system: A symbiotic radio paradigm for passive IoT," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1191-1194, Aug. 2019.
Y. Ye, L. Shi, X. Chu, and G. Lu, "On the outage performance of ambient backscatter communications," IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 7265-7278, Aug. 2020.
F. Jameel et al., "Simultaneous harvest-and-transmit ambient backscatter communications under rayleigh fading," EURASIP J. Wireless Commun. Netw., vol. 2019, no. 1, pp. 1-9, Dec. 2019.
F. Wang and X. Zhang, "Joint optimization for traffic-offloading and resource-allocation over RF-powered backscatter mobile wireless networks," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1127-1142, Aug. 2021.
K. Zhu, L. Xu, and D. Niyato, "Distributed resource allocation in RFpowered cognitive ambient backscatter networks," IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1657-1668, Dec. 2021.
J. Qian et al., "IoT communications with M-PSK modulated ambient backscatter: Algorithm, analysis, and implementation," IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 844-855, Feb. 2019.
B. Lyu, C. You, Z. Yang, and G. Gui, "The optimal control policy for RF-powered backscatter communication networks," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 2804-2808, Mar. 2018.
M. Elsayed, A. Samir, A. A. A. El-Banna, X. Li, and B. M. ElHalawany, "When NOMA multiplexing meets symbiotic ambient backscatter communication: Outage analysis," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 1026-1031, Jan. 2022.
Y. Zhuang, X. Li, H. Ji, and H. Zhang, "Exploiting hybrid SWIPT in ambient backscatter communication-enabled relay networks: Optimize power allocation and time scheduling," IEEE Internet Things J., early access, Jul. 22, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2022.3193104.
W. U. Khan, F. Jameel, N. Kumar, R. Jäntti, and M. Guizani, "Backscatter-enabled efficient V2X communication with non-orthogonal multiple access," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 1724-1735, May 2021.
W. U. Khan, X. Li, M. Zeng, and O. A. Dobre, "Backscatter-enabled NOMA for future 6G systems: A new optimization framework under imperfect SIC," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1669-1672, Jun. 2021.
Q. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y.-C. Liang, and P.-Y. Kam, "Backscatter-NOMA: A symbiotic system of cellular and Internet-of-Things networks," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 20000-20013, 2019.
A. W. Nazar, S. A. Hassan, H. Jung, A. Mahmood, and M. Gidlund, "BER analysis of a backscatter communication system with nonorthogonal multiple access," IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 574-586, Jun. 2021.
Y. Xu, Z. Qin, G. Gui, H. Gacanin, H. Sari, and F. Adachi, "Energy efficiency maximization in NOMA enabled backscatter communications with QoS guarantee," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 353-357, Feb. 2021.
X. Li et al., "Hardware impaired ambient backscatter NOMA systems: Reliability and security," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 2723-2736, Apr. 2021.
Y. Zhuang, X. Li, H. Ji, H. Zhang, and V. C. Leung, "Optimal resource allocation for RF-powered underlay cognitive radio networks with ambient backscatter communication," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 15216-15228, Dec. 2020.
S. Zeb et al., "NOMA enhanced backscatter communication for green IoT networks," in Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Wireless Commun. Syst. (ISWCS), 2019, pp. 640-644.
G. Yang, X. Xu, and Y.-C. Liang, "Resource allocation in NOMAenhanced backscatter communication networks for wireless powered IoT," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 117-120, Jan. 2020.
Y. Liao, G. Yang, and Y.-C. Liang, "Resource allocation in NOMAenhanced full-duplex symbiotic radio networks," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 22709-22720, 2020.
X. Li, M. Zhao, Y. Liu, L. Li, Z. Ding, and A. Nallanathan, "Secrecy analysis of ambient backscatter NOMA systems under i/Q imbalance," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 12286-12290, Oct. 2020.
W. Chen, H. Ding, S. Wang, D. B. da Costa, F. Gong, and P. H. J. Nardelli, "Backscatter cooperation in NOMA communications systems," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 3458-3474, Aug. 2021.
A. Farajzadeh, O. Ercetin, and H. Yanikomeroglu, "UAV data collection over NOMA backscatter networks: UAV altitude and trajectory optimization," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), 2019, pp. 1-7.
J. Zuo, Y. Liu, L. Yang, L. Song, and Y.-C. Liang, "Reconfigurable intelligent surface enhanced NOMA assisted backscatter communication system," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 7261-7266, Jul. 2021.
Y. Zhuang, X. Li, H. Ji, and H. Zhang, "Exploiting intelligent reflecting surface for energy efficiency in ambient backscatter communication-enabled NOMA networks," IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 163-174, Mar. 2022.
M. Asif, W. Zhou, Q. Yu, S. Adnan, M. S. Ali, and M. S. Iqbal, "Jointly designed quasi-cyclic LDPC-coded cooperation with diversity combining at receiver," Int. J. Distrib. Sensor Netw., vol. 16, no. 7, p. 19, 2020.
L. Tang, F. Yang, S. Zhang, E. Saqib, and L. Luo, "Joint design of QCLDPC codes for coded relay cooperation," Chin. J. Electron., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 179-184, 2016.
S. Zhang, F. Yang, L. Tang, S. Ejaz, L. Luo, and B. Maharaj, "Joint design of QC-LDPC codes for coded cooperation system with joint iterative decoding," Int. J. Electron., vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 384-405, 2016.
Z. Mo, W. Su, S. Batalama, and J. D. Matyjas, "Cooperative communication protocol designs based on optimum power and time allocation," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 4283-4296, Aug. 2014.
I. Maric and R. D. Yates, "Bandwidth and power allocation for cooperative strategies in Gaussian relay networks," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 1880-1889, Apr. 2010.
J. N. Laneman, D. N. Tse, and G. W. Wornell, "Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 3062-3080, Dec. 2004.
Z. Ali, G. A. S. Sidhu, M. Waqas, L. Xing, and F. Gao, "A joint optimization framework for energy harvesting based cooperative CR networks," IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 452-462, Jun. 2019.
J. Papandriopoulos and J. S. Evans, "SCALE: A low-complexity distributed protocol for spectrum balancing in multiuser DSL networks," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 3711-3724, Aug. 2009.
W. Dinkelbach, "On nonlinear fractional programming," Manag. Sci., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 492-498, 1967.
F. Fang, H. Zhang, J. Cheng, S. Roy, and V. C. Leung, "Joint user scheduling and power allocation optimization for energy-efficient NOMA systems with imperfect CSI," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 2874-2885, Mar. 2018.
J. Cui, Y. Liu, Z. Ding, P. Fan, and A. Nallanathan, "Optimal user scheduling and power allocation for millimeter wave NOMA systems," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1502-1517, Dec. 2017.
C. J. Colbourn and J. H. Dinitz, The CRC Handbook of Combinatorial Designs, vol. 5005. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2007.
J. Zhang and Y. Chang, "The spectrum of BSA (v, 3, λ; α) with α= 2, 3," J. Comb. Designs, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 61-76, 2007.
J. Zhang and Y. Chang, "The spectrum of cyclic BSEC with block size three," Discr. Math., vol. 305, nos. 1-3, pp. 312-322, 2005.
A. Hedayat, C. Rao, and J. Stufken, "Sampling plans excluding contiguous units," J. Stat. Plan. Inference, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 159-170, 1988.
J. E. Simpson, "Langford sequences: Perfect and hooked," Discr. Math., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 97-104, 1983.
W. Ryan and S. Lin, Channel Codes: Classical and Modern. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009.