[en] The massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission technology has recently attracted much attention in the non-geostationary, e.g., low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication (SATCOM) systems since it can significantly improve the energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency. In this work, we develop a hybrid analog/digital precoding technique in the massive MIMO LEO SATCOM downlink, which reduces the onboard hardware complexity and power consumption. In the proposed scheme, the analog precoder is implemented via a more practical twin-resolution phase shifting (TRPS) network to make a meticulous tradeoff between the power consumption and array gain. In addition, we consider and study the impact of the distortion effect of the nonlinear power amplifiers (NPAs) in the system design. By jointly considering all the above factors, we propose an efficient algorithmic approach for the TRPS-based hybrid precoding problem with NPAs. Numerical results show the EE gains considering the nonlinear distortion and the performance superiority of the proposed TRPS-based hybrid precoding scheme over the baselines.
Disciplines :
Computer science
Author, co-author :
You, Li
Qiang, Xiaoyu
Li, Ke-Xin
TSINOS, Christos ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT)
Wang, Wenjin
Gao, Xiqi
OTTERSTEN, Björn ; University of Luxembourg > Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SNT)
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Massive MIMO Hybrid Precoding for LEO Satellite Communications With Twin-Resolution Phase Shifters and Nonlinear Power Amplifiers
X. Qiang et al., "Twin-resolution phase shifters based massive MIMO hybrid precoding for LEO SATCOM with nonlinear PAs," in Proc. IEEE Global Commun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), Madrid, Spain, Dec. 2021, pp. 1-6.
W. Wang, Y. Tong, L. Li, A.-A. Lu, L. You, and X. Gao, "Near optimal timing and frequency offset estimation for 5G integrated leo satellite communication system," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 113298-113310, 2019.
H. Al-Hraishawi, S. Chatzinotas, and B. Ottersten, "Broadband non-geostationary satellite communication systems: Research challenges and key opportunities," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Workshops (ICC Workshops), Montreal, QC, Canada, Jun. 2021, pp. 1-6.
S. Liu et al., "LEO satellite constellations for 5G and beyond: How will they reshape vertical domains?" IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 30-36, Jul. 2021.
L. You, K.-X. Li, J.Wang, X. Gao, X.-G. Xia, and B. Ottersten, "Massive MIMO transmission for LEO satellite communications," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1851-1865, Aug. 2020.
L. Gao, J. Ma, L. You, C. Pan, W. Wang, and X. Gao, "Robust energyefficient multigroup multicast beamforming for multi-beam satellite communications," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. (ICC), Dublin, Ireland, Jun. 2020, pp. 1-6.
W. Wang et al., "Resource efficiency optimization for robust beamforming in multi-beam satellite communications," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 6958-6968, Jul. 2021.
W. Wang, A. Liu, Q. Zhang, L. You, X. Gao, and G. Zheng, "Robust multigroup multicast transmission for frame-based multi-beam satellite systems," IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 46074-46083, 2018.
L. You, A. Liu, W. Wang, and X. Gao, "Outage constrained robust multigroup multicast beamforming for multi-beam satellite communication systems," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 352-355, Apr. 2019.
K.-X. Li et al., "Downlink transmit design for massive MIMO LEO satellite communications," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 1014-1028, Feb. 2022.
J. A. Fraire, G. Nies, C. Gerstacker, H. Hermanns, K. Bay, and M. Bisgaard, "Battery-aware contact plan design for LEO satellite constellations: The Ulloriaq case study," IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 236-245, Mar. 2020.
A. Arora, C. G. Tsinos, B. Shankar, S. Chatzinotas, and B. Ottersten, "Hybrid analog-digital precoding design for satellite systems," in Proc. 37th ICSSC, Okinawa, Japan, 2019, pp. 1-6.
R. G. Ródenas, M. L. López, and D. Verastegui, "Extensions of Dinkelbach's algorithm for solving non-linear fractional programming problems," Top, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 33-70, Jun. 1999.
A. Zappone and E. Jorswieck, "Energy efficiency in wireless networks via fractional programming theory," Found. Trends Commun. Inf. Theory, vol. 11, nos. 3-4, pp. 185-396, Jun. 2015.
W. Wang, T. Chen, R. Ding, G. Seco-Granados, L. You, and X. Gao, "Location-based timing advance estimation for 5G integrated LEO satellite communications," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 6002-6017, Jun. 2021.
I. Ali, N. Al-Dhahir, and J. E. Hershey, "Doppler characterization for LEO satellites," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 309-313, Mar. 1998.
L. You et al., "Pilot reuse for massive MIMO transmission over spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channels," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 3352-3366, Jun. 2015.
O. E. Ayach, S. Rajagopal, S. Abu-Surra, Z. Pi, and R. W. Heath, Jr., "Spatially sparse precoding in millimeter wave MIMO systems," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1499-1513, Jan. 2014.
C. Feng, W. Shen, X. Gao, J. An, and L. Hanzo, "Dynamic hybrid precoding relying on twin-resolution phase shifters in millimeter-wave communication systems," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 812-826, Feb. 2021.
X. Yu, J. Shen, J. Zhang, and K. B. Letaief, "Alternating minimization algorithms for hybrid precoding in millimeter wave MIMO systems," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 485-500, Feb. 2016.
N. N. Moghadam, G. Fodor, M. Bengtsson, and D. J. Love, "On the energy efficiency of MIMO hybrid beamforming for millimeter-wave systems with nonlinear power amplifiers," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 7208-7221, Nov. 2018.
T. Schenk, RF Imperfections in High-Rate Wireless Systems: Impact and Digital Compensation. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2008.
J. Qi and S. Aïssa, "Analysis and compensation of power amplifier nonlinearity in MIMO transmit diversity systems," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 2921-2931, Jul. 2010.
V. Joroughi, M. Á. Vázquez, and A. Pérez-Neira, "Generalized multicast multibeam precoding for satellite communications," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 952-966, Feb. 2017.
S. He, Y. Huang, L. Yang, and B. Ottersten, "Coordinated multicell multiuser precoding for maximizing weighted sum energy efficiency," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 741-751, Feb. 2014.
S. He, Y. Huang, L. Yang, B. Ottersten, and W. Hong, "Energy efficient coordinated beamforming for multicell system: Duality-based algorithm design and massive MIMO transition," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 63, no. 12, pp. 4920-4935, Dec. 2015.
R. Zi, X. Ge, J. Thompson, C.-X. Wang, H. Wang, and T. Han, "Energy efficiency optimization of 5G radio frequency chain systems," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 758-771, Apr. 2016.
L. You et al., "Hybrid analog/digital precoding for downlink massive MIMO LEO satellite communications," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., early access, Jan. 26, 2022, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2022.3144472.
J. Palacios, N. Gonzalez-Prelcic, C. Mosquera, T. Shimizu, and C.-H. Wang, "A hybrid beamforming design for massive MIMO LEO satellite communications," 2021, arXiv:2104.11158.
S. S. Ioushua and Y. C. Eldar, "A family of hybrid analog-digital beamforming methods for massive MIMO systems," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 3243-3257, Jun. 2019.
X. Yu, J. Zhang, and K. B. Letaief, "A hardware-efficient analog network structure for hybrid precoding in millimeter wave systems," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 282-297, May 2018.
J.-C. Guo, Q.-Y. Yu, W.-X. Meng, and W. Xiang, "Energy-efficient hybrid precoder with adaptive overlapped subarrays for large-array mmWave systems," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 1484-1502, Mar. 2020.
R. Méndez-Rial, C. Rusu, N. González-Prelcic, A. Alkhateeb, and R. W. Heath, Jr., "Hybrid MIMO architectures for millimeter wave communications: Phase shifters or switches?" IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 247-267, 2016.
R. Méndez-Rial, C. Rusu, A. Alkhateeb, N. Gonzalez-Prelcicy, and R. W. Heath, Jr., "Channel estimation and hybrid combining for mmWave: Phase shifters or switches?" in Proc. IEEE Inf. Theory Appl. Workshop, San Diego, CA, USA, Feb. 2015, pp. 90-97.
C. Chen, Y. Dong, X. Cheng, and L. Yang, "Low-resolution PSs based hybrid precoding for multiuser communication systems," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 6037-6047, Jul. 2018.
S. R. Aghdam, S. Jacobsson, U. Gustavsson, G. Durisi, C. Studer, and T. Eriksson, "Distortion-aware linear precoding for massive MIMO downlink systems with nonlinear power amplifiers," 2020, arXiv:2012.13337.
M. Baghani, A. Mohammadi, M. Majidi, and M. Valkama, "Analysis and rate optimization of OFDM-based cognitive radio networks under power amplifier nonlinearity," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 3410-3419, Oct. 2014.
A. Mohammadian, M. Baghani, and C. Tellambura, "Optimal power allocation of GFDM secondary links with power amplifier nonlinearity and ACI," IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 93-96, Feb. 2019.
D. Dardari, V. Tralli, and A. Vaccari, "A theoretical characterization of nonlinear distortion effects in OFDM systems," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 1755-1764, Oct. 2000.
J. J. Bussgang, "Crosscorrelation functions of amplitude-distorted Gaussian signals," Res. Lab. Electron., Cambridge, MA, USA, Tech. Rep., 216, Mar. 1952.
I. Reed, "On a moment theorem for complex Gaussian processes," IRE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 194-195, Apr. 1962.
D. Persson, T. Eriksson, and E. G. Larsson, "Amplifier-aware multipleinput single-output capacity," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 913-919, Mar. 2014.
C. Sun, X. Q. Gao, S. Jin, M. Matthaiou, Z. Ding, and C. Xiao, "Beam division multiple access transmission for massive MIMO communications," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 2170-2184, Jun. 2015.
P. Jain and P. Kar, "Non-convex optimization for machine learning," 2017, arXiv:1712.07897.
Q. Shi, M. Razaviyayn, Z.-Q. Luo, and C. He, "An iteratively weighted MMSE approach to distributed sum-utility maximization for a MIMO interfering broadcast channel," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 4331-4340, Sep. 2011.
S. R. Aghdam, S. Jacobsson, and T. Eriksson, "Distortion-aware linear precoding for millimeter-wave multiuser MISO downlink," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Workshops (ICC Workshops), Shanghai, China, May 2019, pp. 1-6.
D. P. Bertsekas, Nonlinear Programming. Belmont, MA, USA: Athena Scientific, 1999.
A. Arora, C. G. Tsinos, B. S. M. R. Rao, S. Chatzinotas, and B. Ottersten, "Hybrid transceivers design for large-scale antenna arrays using majorization-minimization algorithms," IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 68, pp. 701-714, 2020.
M. Faulkner and T. Mattsson, "Spectral sensitivity of power amplifiers to quadrature modulator misalignment," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 516-525, Nov. 1992.
E. Zhang and C. Huang, "On achieving optimal rate of digital precoder by RF-baseband codesign for MIMO systems," in Proc. IEEE 80th Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC-Fall), Vancouver, BC, Canada, Sep. 2014, pp. 1-5.
