Paper published in a book (Scientific congresses, symposiums and conference proceedings)
Regional heterogeneity and individual characteristics in the development of a European tax policy: historical insights from Luxembourg
Danescu, Elena
2023 • In Dima, Alina Mihaela; Danescu, Elena (Eds.) Fostering recovery through metaverse business modelling - An interdisciplinary analysis of the new paradigm shift
Luxembourg; European Integration History; Tax policy; Fiscal competition; Luxembourg international financial centre; Pierre Werner; Economic and Monetary Union; National sovereignity
Abstract :
[en] Luxembourg is currently one of the most politically stable, consensus-oriented, and prosperous countries in the world, characterised by am advanced social market economy, and a level of material wellbeing above the EU average. Its strong fiscal position is well illustrated by a longstanding AAA credit rating, a significant accumulation of government financial assets, and a distinct fiscal approach. In this light, this paper aims to investigate the specific features of the tax system in Luxembourg from a multidisciplinary perspective by analysing historical sources and exploring the development of these particularities over time, their impact on the socioeconomic context and their repercussions for the European integration process, especially in the design and completion of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).
Research center :
- Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C2DH) > Contemporary European History (EHI)
Disciplines :
Political science, public administration & international relations International economics General economics & history of economic thought Arts & humanities: Multidisciplinary, general & others History
Author, co-author :
Danescu, Elena ; University of Luxembourg > Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History (C2DH) > Contemporary European History
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Regional heterogeneity and individual characteristics in the development of a European tax policy: historical insights from Luxembourg
Publication date :
March 2023
Event name :
Fostering recovery through metaverse business modelling - The 5th International Conference on Economics and Social Sciences
Event organizer :
The Bucharest University of Economic Studies Higher Education and Research in Management of European Universities (HERMES) Network Romanian Academy Sapienza University, Rome (Italy) EM Strasbourg Business School, Strasbourg (France) University of Luxembourg
Event place :
Bucharest, Romania
Event date :
From 16-06-2022 to 17-06-2022
Audience :
International
Main work title :
Fostering recovery through metaverse business modelling - An interdisciplinary analysis of the new paradigm shift
Alesina, A., Ardagna, S., Galasso, V.: The Euro and Structural Reforms. In: Alesina, A., Giavazzi, F. (eds.) Europe and the euro, pp. 57–93. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (2010)
Baer, G., Padoa-Schioppa, T.: The Werner report revisited. In: Committee for the Study of Economic and Monetary Union. Report on economic and monetary union in the European Community, April 1989, pp. 53–60. Office for Official Publications of the European Community, Luxembourg (1989). Here p. 57
Barthel, C.: Emile Mayrisch (1862–1928). In: Bertoncini, Y., Chopin, T., Dulphy, A., Kahn, S. and Manigand, C. (eds), Dictionnaire critique de l’Union européenne, pp. 274–276. Armand Colin, Paris (2008). Here p. 275
Braun, M.: Die luxemburgischen Sozialversicherungen bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg. Entwicklung, Probleme und Bedeutung. Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsgeschichte, pp. 578. Verlag Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart (1982)
Cobham, A., Jansky, P., Meinzer, M.: The financial secrecy index: shedding new light on the geography of secrecy. Econ. Geogr. 91(3), 281–303 (2015)
Commission of the European Communities: Communication from the Commission to the Council on the development of a plan by stages for an economic and monetary union” in Bulletin of the European Communities, Supplement, 3 (1970a). Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg (1970)
Commission of the European Communities: Corporation Tax and Individual Income Tax in the European Communities, by Prof. Dr. A.J. van den Tempel, Brussels (1970b). http://aei.pitt.edu/40293/1/A4688.pdf, Accessed 15 August 2022
Commission of the European Communities: Draft minutes of the 35th conference of the Finance Ministers of the Commission of the European Communities, held in Venice on 29 and 30 May 1970, confidential. Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, ref. ORII/57/70-F, Brussels, 5 June 1970. Historical Archives of the European Union (1970c)
Commission of the European Communities: Draft minutes of the fifth meeting of the ad hoc “plan by stages” group, 7 July 1970. European Communities, Secretariat of the “plan by stages” group, Brussels (14 July 1970d), OR II/67–70-F. Pierre Werner family archives, ref. PW 047 (1970)
Commission of the European Communities: Jeu de tableaux synoptiques concernant les quatre plans par étapes vers une union économique et monétaire: plan Werner, plan Schiller, plan belge et plan C.C.E [Comparative tables concerning the four plans for the achievement by stages of an economic and monetary union: the Werner Plan, the Schiller Plan, the plan drawn up by Belgium and the plan drawn up by the EEC], 18 March 1970. Commission of the European Communities/Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs/Working Party on Economic and Monetary Union), Brussels (1970). Pierre Werner family archive. Reproduced in Dierikx, M. (ed.) Common Fate. Common Future. A Documentary History of Monetary and Financial Cooperation, 1947–1974, pp. 123–136. CVCE-Huygens ING, The Hague (2012)
Commission of the European Economic Communities: Communication et propositions de la Commission au Conseil relatives à l’institution par étapes d’une union économique et monétaire de la Communauté [Communication and proposals from the Commission to the Council on the establishment by stages of economic and monetary union]. Document COM (70)1250 (29 October 1970e). In Official Journal of the European Communities, annex C 140 of 26 November 1970, supplement to bulletin 11/1970, Luxembourg (11 November 1970). https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2012/2/15/533fad26-83a6-4f8a-9ece-aeea932b74e8/publishable_fr.pdf. Accessed 15 August 2022
Commission of the European Economic Community: Rapport du Comité fiscal et financier (Rapport Neumark). Brussels 1962. Source: http://aei.pitt.edu/33686/1/A220.pdf. Accessed 15 August 2022
Danescu, E.: Luxembourg economy facing challenges: A historical overview. In: Hatley, C. (ed.) Western Europe 2022, 24th edn., pp. 464–481. Routledge, Abington (2021)
Danescu, E.: Pierre Werner and Europe: The Family Archives Behind the Werner Report. Foreword by Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission, and Foreword by Professor Harold James (Princeton University). Palgrave Macmillan, Oxford (2019a)
Danescu, E., Pierre Werner and Europe: The Family Archives Behind the Werner Report. Foreword by Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission, and Foreword by Professor Harold James (Princeton University). Palgrave Macmillan, Oxford, p. 104 (2019b)
Danescu, E., Pierre Werner and Europe: The Family Archives Behind the Werner Report. Foreword by Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission, and Foreword by Professor Harold James (Princeton University). Palgrave Macmillan, Oxford, p. 336 (2019c)
Danescu, E.: Pierre Werner, a visionary European and consensus builder. In: Dyson, K., Maes, I. (eds), Architects of the Euro. Intellectuals in the making of European Monetary Union, pp. 93– 116. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2016)
Danescu, E.: Taxing intangible assets: issues and challenges for a digital Europe. Internet Histories 4(2), 196–216, p. 205 (2020a)
Danescu, E.: Taxing intangible assets: issues and challenges for a digital Europe. Internet Histories 4(2), 196–216, p. 204 (2020b)
Degryse, C.: Les impacts sociaux de la digitalisation de l’économie. WP 2016.02, ISE, Brussels (2016)
Delvaux, B.: Les sociétés “holding” au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Étude théorique et pratique de la loi du 31 juillet 1929, Recueil Sirey & Victor Buck, Paris, Luxembourg (1938)
Delvaux, F.: Considérations générales sur la situation fiscale créée par l’arrêté grand-ducal du 20 oct.1944. Luxembourg, p. 145 (1956)
Dujardin, F.-X.: Le contentieux fiscal dans le département des forêts (1795–1799). In: Droit admin-istratif et fiscal: 10 années de juridictions administratives, pp. 267–291. Portalis, Luxembourg (2007)
Dumoulin, M., et al.: La Commission européenne, 1958–1972: Histoire et mémoires d’une institution. Office des Publications Officielles des Communautés européennes, Luxembourg (2007)
European Central Bank: Crypto-assets: Implications for financial stability, monetary policy, and payments and market infrastructures. Occasional Paper Series, 223 (May 2019), ECB, Frankfurt (2019); Lastra, R., Allen, J. G.: Virtual currencies in the Eurosystem: challenges ahead. Study for the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies. European Parliament, Luxembourg (2018); Mersch, Y.: Virtual or virtueless? The evolution of money in the digital age. Lecture given by Yves Mersch, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum, London, 8 February 2018
European Commission: Deepening Europe’s Economic and Monetary Union. Taking stock four years after the Five Presidents’ Report. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council and the European Central Bank. European Commission’s contribution to the Euro Summit on 21 June 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/economy-finance/emu_communication_en.pdf. Accessed 15 August 2022
European Commission: Tax Policy in the European Union: Priorities for the Years Ahead. COM (2001) 260. Final. Brussels (2001)
European Communities: Directive of 23 July 1990 on the common system of taxation applicable to mergers, divisions, transfers of assets and exchanges of shares concerning companies of different Member States, 90/434/EEC (1990). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A31990L0434. Accessed 15 August 2022
European Communities: Treaty on European Union including the Protocols and Final Act. Maastricht, 7 February 1992 (the Treaty entered into force on 1 November 1993). In Official Journal of the European Communities (OJEC). 29.07.1992, No C 191. [s.l.]. ISSN 0378– 6986. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:11992M/TXT&fro m=EN, last accessed 15 August 2022.
Farquet, C.: Lutte contre l’évasion fiscale: l’échec de la SDN dans l’entre-deux-guerres. In L’économie Politique 44, 93–112 (2006)
Fickers, A., Griset, P. (eds): Communicating Europe. Technologies, Information, Events. Palgrave Macmillan, London (2019)
Hanusch, H., Chakraborty, L., Khurana, S.: Fiscal Policy, Economic Growth and Innovation: An Empirical Analysis of G20 Countries. Working Paper No. 883. Levy Institute of Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY (2017)
Jogarajan, S.: Prelude to the international tax treaty network: 1815–1914. Early tax treaties and the conditions for action. Oxford J. Legal Studies 31(4), 679–707 (2011)
Keynes, J.M.: A Treatise on Money. The Pure Theory of Money. The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, vol. 5, p. 3. Ed. D. E. Moggridge, Macmillan, London (1930/1971). “Money […], namely that in which debts and prices and general purchasing power are expressed, is the primary concept of a theory of money”
Kieffer, M.: Le Grand-Duché de Luxembourg: le pays du fer et de l’acier. In Fréchet, H., Attal, F. (eds), Questions d’histoire—Industrialisation et sociétés en Europe occidentale de 1880 à 1970), pp. 176–190. Éditions Du Temps, Paris. Here p. 178 (1997)
Kreins, J.-M.: La réception du plan Marshall au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Hémecht 61(3), 309–343, and 61(4), 437–465. Here. p. 438. The European Recovery Program (known as the Marshall Plan), launched on 5 June 1947 by George C. Marshall, was implemented by the United States, via the OEEC, to help the countries of Western Europe rebuild after the war (2009a)
Kreins, J.-M.: La réception du plan Marshall au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Hémecht 61(3), 309–343, and 61(4), 437–465. Here. p. 438 (2009b)
Maîtrot de la Motte, A.: Droit fiscal de l’Union européenne, p. 2. Bruylant, Brussels (2012)
Majerus, B.: Le petit Européen parfait. L’Europe, le Luxembourg et la construction nationale. In Beaupré, N., Moine, C. (eds). L’Europe de Versailles à Maastricht, pp. 225–235. Seli Arslan, Paris (2007)
Moyse, L., Meiers, C., Maquil, M.: The architects of Luxembourg’s financial industry: personal accounts on the origins and growth of the international financial centers, Editions Saint-Paul, Luxembourg (2014)
OECD: Action plan on base erosion and profit shifting. OECD Publishing, Paris (2013). https://www.oecd.org/ctp/BEPSActionPlan.pdf. Accessed 15 August 2022
OECD: Addressing base erosion and profit shifting. OECD Publishing, Paris (2013). https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/taxation/addressing-base-erosion-and-profit-shifting_978926419274 4-en. Accessed 15 August 2022
Olinger, J.: Les problèmes de l’intégration de la loi sur l’impôt sur le revenu du 4 décembre 1967 dans le système légal existant. In Études fiscales, no. 31. ALOSS, Luxembourg (1970)
Patel, K.K.: Projekt Europa: Eine kritische Geschichte. C.H. Beck Verlag, Munich (2018)
Pauly, M.: Geschichte Luxemburgs. C.H.Beck Verlag, Munich (2014). Pauly explains that the Duchy of Luxembourg belonged successively to the Dukes of Burgundy (15th century), the Spanish Habsburgs (16th and 17th centuries) and the Austrian Habsburgs (18th century), with a short period of French rule between 1684 and 1697. All along, Luxembourg occupied a strategically important position in Europe. Luxembourg City was gradually turned into a fortress, known as the “Gibraltar of the North”, and was fought over by Europe’s powers.
Peña-Casas, R., Ghailani, D., Coster, S.: Transition digitale dans l’Union européenne: quels impacts sur la qualité de l’emploi? In: Vanhercke, B., Ghailani, D., Sabato, S. (eds). Bilan social de l’Union européenne 2018. Observatoire social européeen/European Social Observatory, ETUI, Brussels (2018)
Schmidt, V.: Changing the policies, politics, abd processes of the Eurozone in crisis: will this time be different? In: Natali, B., Vanhercke, B. (eds.) Social policy in the European Union: state of play 2015, pp. 1–19. ETUI, Brussels (2015)
Scuto, D.: La naissance de la protection sociale au Luxembourg (Le contexte économique et social, les acteurs et les enjeux politiques). In: Bulletin luxembourgeois des questions sociales, vol. 10, pp. 39–59. ALOSS, Luxembourg (2001). Thill, A.: La protection sociale. In Mémorial 1989, La société luxembourgeoise de 1839 à 1989, pp. 619–664. Les Publications Mosellanes, Schengen (1989)
Segré, C.: The development of a European capital market. Report of a Group of Experts appointed by the EEC Commission. November 1966. [EEC Commission—Working Document]. http://aei.pitt.edu/31823/. Accessed 15 August 2022
Service Central de Législation: Grand Ducal decree of 23 January 1936 establishing a National Employment Council to settle labour disputes. Mémorial 1936, 69–71 (1936)
Service Central de Législation: Grand Ducal decree of 26 April 1919 on the establishment of factory councils in industrial undertakings. Mémorial 1919, 397–400 (1919)
Service Central de Législation: The Act of 30 December 1927 on the establishment of a commodities exchange. http://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1927/12/30/n4/jo. Accessed 15 August 2022
Service Central de Législation: The Act of 31 July 1929 on the tax regime of holding companies. http://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/1929/07/31/n1/jo, last accessed 15 August 2022. See also Chambre des Députés: Loi sur les holding companies. Travaux préparatoires et Discussions parlementaires, séances des 16 et 17 juillet 1929. Victor Buck, Luxembourg (1929)
Service Central de Législation: The Act of 5 March 1928 approving the Conventions adopted by the International Labour Conference at its first ten sessions (1919 to 1927). Mémorial 1928, 293–295 (1928)
STATEC: Cahier économique du Statec, no. 113, p. 97. Service d’Etudes et de Documentation Economique, Luxembourg (2012)
STATEC: Statistiques économiques luxembourgeoises—Résumé rétrospectif, pp. 239–240. Service d’Etudes et de Documentation Economiques, Luxembourg (1949)
Susini, J. de: L’effort fiscal du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg au lendemain de la guerre 1914–1918. A. Rousseau (ed.), Paris (1922)
The first two VAT Directives of 11 April 1967, 67/227/EEC and 67/228/EEC, in Official Journal of the European Communities, 14 April 1967, pp. 1301–1312
Tooze, A.: Defining polycrisis—from crisis pictures to the crisis matrix. Chartbook #130. https://ada mtooze.substack.com/p/chartbook-130-defining-polycrisis (24 June 2022). Accessed 15 August 2022
Trausch, Gé.: Histoire économique du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. 1815–2015. STATEC, Luxembourg (2017); Trausch, Gi.: Le rôle et la place des petits pays en Europe au XXe siècle/Small countries in Europe: their role and place in the XXth century. Nomos Verlag, Baden-Baden (2005)
Trausch, Gé.: Histoire économique du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. 1815–2015. STATEC, Luxembourg (2017)
Trausch, Gi., de Vreese, M.: Luxembourg et les banques: de la révolution industrielle au 7e centre financier mondial. Banque Indosuez, Luxembourg (1995)
Treaty of Rome: Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, 25.03.1957, Part Three, Title I, Section 3, Chapter 2, “Tax Provisions”, Art. 95–99. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-con tent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:11992E/TXT&from=EN. Accessed 15 August 2022 (1957)
Treaty on European Union signed at Maastricht on 7 February 1992, Official Journal of European Communities C 191, Volume 35, 29.07.1992, pp. 0001–0110, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:C:1992:191:FULL&from=NL. Accessed 15 August 2022
Werner, P.: Déclaration de Monsieur Pierre Werner, ministre d’État, président du gouvernement luxembourgeois, faite à la Conférence des chefs d’État ou de gouvernement. The Hague: 1 December 1969. In: Bulletin de documentation, no. 14 of 10 December 1969. Luxembourg: Service Information et Presse, Ministry of State of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, December 1969, pp. 3–7
Zucman, G.: Taxing across borders: Tracking personal wealth and corporate profits. J. Econ. Perspect. 28(4), 121–148 (2014)
