Lattice model to derive the fluctuating hydrodynamics of active particles with inertia

We derive the hydrodynamic equations with fluctuating currents for the density, momentum, and energy fields for an active system in the dilute limit. In our model, nonoverdamped self-propelled particles (such as grains or birds) move on a lattice, interacting by means of aligning dissipative forces and excluded volume repulsion. Our macroscopic equations, in a specific case, reproduce a transition line from a disordered phase to a swarming phase and a linear dispersion law accounting for underdamped wave propagation. Numerical simulations up to a packing fraction
∼
10
%
are in fair agreement with the theory, including the macroscopic noise amplitudes. At a higher packing fraction, a dense-diluted coexistence emerges. We underline the analogies with the granular kinetic theories, elucidating the relation between the active swarming phase and granular shear instability.