Auction-based Multiple Channel Cooperative Spectrum Sharing in Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial IoT Networks

In this paper, we investigate the multiple-channel
cooperative spectrum sharing in hybrid satellite-terrestrial internet
of things (IoT) networks with auction mechanism, which is
designed to reduce the operational expenditure of the satellitebased
IoT (S-IoT) network while alleviating the spectrum scarcity
issues of terrestrial-based IoT (T-IoT) network. The cluster heads
of selected T-IoT networks assist the primary satellite users
transmission through cooperative relaying techniques in exchange
for spectrum access. We propose an auction-based optimization
problem to maximize the sum transmission rate of all primary
S-IoT receivers with the appropriate secondary network
selection and corresponding radio resource allocation profile
by the distributed implementation, while meeting the minimum
transmission rate of secondary receivers of each T-IoT network.
Specifically, the one-shot VCG auction is introduced to obtain
the maximum social welfare, where the winner determination
problem is transformed into an assignment problem and solved
by the Hungarian algorithm. To further reduce the primary
satellite network decision complexity, the sequential Vickrey
auction is implemented by sequential fashion until all channels
are auctioned. Due to incentive compatibility with those two
auction mechanisms, the secondary T-IoT cluster yields the true
bids of each channel, where both the non-orthogonal multiple
access (NOMA) and time division multiple access (TDMA)
schemes are implemented in cooperative communication. Finally,
simulation results validate the effectiveness and fairness of the
proposed auction-based approach as well as the superiority of
the NOMA scheme in secondary relays selection. Moreover, the
influence of key factors on the performance of the proposed
scheme is analyzed in detail.