[en] International migration is often characterised as a process of immigration from economically less developed to highly developed countries. Whereas the factors driving those flows and the integration of the respective ethnic groups are widely analysed, the international mobility of the populations of precisely those affluent societies is regularly missed and less-frequently studied. The chapter describes the research design of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study as one of the first endeavours to study the internationally mobile populations from prosperous welfare states. Following an origin-based probability sampling of internationally migrating German citizens, it offers survey data to study the consequences of emigration and remigration along the life course. The chapter discusses the quality of this new data infrastructure along the survey lifecycle and compares the distribution of central demographic characteristics in the survey with official reference statistics. The aim is to establish this approach as a new avenue for studying the global lives of internationally mobile populations.
Disciplines :
Sociology & social sciences
Author, co-author :
Ette, Andreas
Decieux, Jean Philippe Pierre ; University of Luxembourg > Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education (FLSHASE) > Integrative Research Unit: Social and Individual Development (INSIDE)
Erlinghagen, Marcel
Guedes Auditor, Jean
Sander, Nikola
Schneider, Norbert
Witte, Nils
External co-authors :
yes
Language :
English
Title :
Surveying Across Borders: The Experiences of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study
AAPOR. (2016). Standard definitions. Final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for surveys (9th Edn). Washington: American Association for Public Opinion Research.
ADM. (2014). Stichproben-Verfahren in der Umfrageforschung. Eine Darstellung für die Praxis. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
Albers, I. (1997). Einwohnermelderegister-Stichproben in der Praxis. In S. Gabler & J. H. P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik (Eds.), Stichproben in der Umfragepraxis (pp. 117–126). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.
Amelina, A., & Faist, T. (2012). De-naturalizing the national in research methodologies: Key concepts of transnational studies in migration. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(10), 1707–1724.
Beauchemin, C., & González-Ferrer, A. (2011). Sampling international migrants with origin-based snowballing method: New evidence on biases and limitations. Demographic Research, 25(3), 103–134.
Beine, M., Docquier, F., & Rapoport, H. (2006). Measuring international skilled migration: New estimates controlling for age of entry, policy research discussion paper. World Bank: Washington D.C.
Benson, M., & O'Reilly, K. (2009). Migration and the search for a better way of life: a critical exploration of lifestyle migration. The Sociological Review, 57(4), 608–625.
Bilecen, B., & van Mol, C. (2017). Introduction: International academic mobility and inequalities. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(8), 1241–1255.
Bilsborrow, R. E., Graeme, H., Oberai, A. S., & Zlotnik, H. (1997). International migration statistics. guidelines for improving data collection systems. Geneva, International Labour Office.
Cai, R., Esipova, N., Oppenheimer, M., & Feng, S. (2014). International migration desires related to subjective well-being. IZA Journal of Migration, 3, 8.
Careja, R., & Bevelander, P. (2018). Using population registers for migration and integration research: examples from Denmark and Sweden. Comparative Migration Studies, 6, 19.
Cernat, A., & Lynn, P. (2017). The role of e-mail communications in determining response rates and mode of participation in a mixed-mode design. Field Methods, 30(1), 70–87.
Cornesse, C., Blom, A. G., Dutwin, D., Krosnick, J. A., De Leeuw, E., Legleye, S., Pasek, J., Pennay, D., Phillips, B., Sakshaug, J., Struminskaya, B., & Wenz, A. (2020). A review of conceptual approaches and empirical evidence on probability and nonprobability sample survey research. Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology, 8(1), 4–36.
Couper, M. P. (2011). The future of modes of data collection. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(5), 889–908.
Diehl, C., Lubbers, M., Mühlau, P., & Platt, L. (2015). Starting out: New migrants’ socio-cultural integration trajectories in four European destinations. Ethnicities, 16(2), 157–179.
Dillman, D. A. (2017). The promise and challenge of pushing respondents to the Web in mixed-mode surveys. Survey Methodology, 43(1), 3–30.
Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Melani, L. (2011). Internet, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: the tailored design method. Toronto: Wiley & Sons.
Erlinghagen, M. (2011). Nowhere better than here? The subjective well-being of german emigrants and remigrants. Comparative Population Studies, 36(4), 899–926.
Erlinghagen, M., Ette, A., Schneider, N. F., & Witte, N. (2021). Between origin and destination: German migrants and the individual consequences of their global lives. In M. Erlinghagen, A. Ette, N. F. Schneider, & N. Witte (Eds.), The global lives of German migrants. Consequences of international migration across the life course. Cham: Springer.
Ette, A., Décieux, J. P., Erlinghagen, M., Genoni, A., Auditor, J. G., Knirsch, F., Kühne, S., Mörchen, L., Sand, M., Schneider, N. F., & Witte, N. (2020). German emigration and remigration panel study: methodology and data manual of the baseline survey (Wave 1). Wiesbaden: Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung.
Ette, A., & Sauer, L. (2010). Auswanderung aus Deutschland. Daten und Analysen zur internationalen Migration deutscher Staatsbürger. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.
Ette, A., Unger, R., Graze, P., & Sauer, L. (2008). Measuring spatial mobility with the German Microcensus: The case of German return migrants. Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 33(3), 409–431.
Evans, J. R., & Mathur, A. (2018). The value of online surveys: A look back and a look ahead. Internet Research, 28(4), 854–887.
Fauser, M. (2020). Mobile citizenship. Spatial privilege and the transnational lifestyles of senior citizens. London: Routledge.
Font, J., & Méndez, M. (2013a). Introduction: The methodological challenges of surveying populations of immigrant origin. In J. Font & M. Méndez (Eds.), Surveying ethnic minorities and immigrant populations: Methodological challenges and research strategies (pp. 11–41). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Font, J., & Méndez, M. (Eds.). (2013b). Surveying ethnic minorities and immigrant populations: Methodological challenges and research strategies. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Gerhards, J., & Hans, S. (2013). Transnational human capital, education, and social inequality. Analyses of international student exchange. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 42(2), 99–117.
Ghimire, D. J., Williams, N. E., Thornton, A., Young-DeMarco, L., & Bhandari, P. (2019). Strategies for origin-based surveying of international migrants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(7), 1185–1206.
Glowsky, D. (2013). Stichprobenziehung von Ehepaaren: ein Praxisbericht zur Erhebung von seltenen Paarkombinationen. Methods, Data, Analyses, 7(1), 35–58.
Goebel, J., Grabka, M. M., Liebig, S., Kroh, M., Richter, D., Schröder, C., & Schupp, J. (2019). The German socio-economic panel (SOEP). Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 239(2), 345–360.
Groenewold, G., & Bilsborrow, R. (2008). Design of samples for international migration surveys: Methodological considerations and lessons learned from a multi-country study in Africa and Europe. In C. Bonifazi, M. Okólski, J. Schoorl, & P. Simon (Eds.), International migration in Europe: new trends and new methods of analysis (pp. 293–312). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Groves, R. M., Fowler, F. J., JR, M. P. C., Lepkowski, J. M., Singer, E., & Tourangeau, R. (2004). Survey methodology. Hoboken: John Wiley.
Guveli, A., Ganzeboom, H. B. G., Platt, L., Nauck, B., Baykara-Krumme, H., Eroğlu, Ş., Bayrakdar, S., Sözeri, E. K., & Spierings, N. (2016). Intergenerational consequences of migration. Socio-economic, family and cultural patterns of stability and change in Turkey and Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Häder, S. (2015). Stichproben in der Praxis. Mannheim: GESIS—Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften.
Harrington, B., & Seabrooke, L. (2020). Transnational professionals. Annual Review of Sociology, 46(1), 1–19.
Jansson, A. (2016). Mobile elites: Understanding the ambiguous lifeworlds of Sojourners, Dwellers and Homecomers. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 19(5), 421–434.
Jasso, G., Massey, D. S., Rosenzweig, M. R., & Smith, J. P. (2000). The New Immigrant Survey Pilot (NIS-P): Overview and New Findings about U. S. Legal Immigrants at Admission. Demography, 37(1), 127–138.
Kalton, G., & Anderson, D. W. (1986). Sampling rare populations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 149(1), 65–82.
Kraler, A., & Reichel, D. (2010). Statistics on migration, integration and discrimination in Europe: Prominstat final report. Vienna: International Centre for Migration Policy Development.
Kratz, F., & Netz, N. (2018). Which mechanisms explain monetary returns to international student mobility? Studies in Higher Education, 43(2), 375–400.
Lavrakas, P. (2008). Encyclopedia of survey research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Lee, H., Kim, S., Couper, M. P., & Woo, Y. (2018). Experimental comparison of PC web, smartphone web, and telephone surveys in the new technology era. Social Science Computer Review, 37(2), 234–247.
Lien, H. H.. (2016). Migrants on the European Labour Market. Some results from the European Labour Force Survey ad hoc module 2014. Wirtschaft und Statistik 55–68.
Lohr, S. L. (2010). Sampling: Design and analysis. Brooks: Cengage.
Lugtig, P., Glasner, T., & Boevé, A. J. (2016). Reducing underreports of behaviors in retrospective surveys: The effects of three different strategies. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 28(4), 583–595.
Lynn, P., Nandi, A., Parutis, V., & Platt, L. (2018). Design and implementation of a high-quality probability sample of immigrants and ethnic minorities: Lessons learnt. Demographic Research, 38, 513–548.
Martí, M., & Ródenas, C. (2007). Migration estimation based on the labour force survey: An EU-15 perspective. International Migration Review, 41(1), 101–126.
Massey, D. S., & Espinosa, K. (1997). What’s driving Mexican-U.S. Migration? A theoretical, empirical and policy analysis. American Journal of Sociology, 102, 939–999.
Mazzucato, V. (2008). Simultaneity and networks in transnational migration: Lessons learned from a simultaneous matched-sample methodology. In J. DeWind & J. Holdaway (Eds.), Migration and development within and across borders: Research and policy perspectives on internal and international migration (pp. 69–100). Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
McNulty, Y., & Brewster, C. (2017). The concept of business expatriates. In Y. McNulty & J. Selmer (Eds.), Research handbook of expatriates (pp. 21–60). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Méndez, M., & Font, J. (2013). Surveying immigrant populations: Methodological strategies, good practices and open questions. In J. Font & M. Méndez (Eds.), Surveying ethnic minorities and immigrant populations: Methodological challenges and research strategies (pp. 271–290). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
OECD. (2015). Connecting with emigrants. A Global Profile of Diasporas 2015. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Parrado, E. A., McQuiston, C., & Flippen, C. A. (2005). Participatory survey research. Sociological Methods & Research, 34(2), 204–239.
Poulain, M., Perrin, N., & Singleton, A. (Eds.). (2006). THESIM. Towards harmonised european statistics on international migration. Louvain: Presses Universitaires de Louvain.
Poutvaara, P., Munk, M. D., & Junge, M. (2009). Self-section and earnings of emigrants from a Welfare State, IZA DP No. 4144. Bonn: IZA.
Prandner, D., and Weichbold, M. (2019). Building a sampling frame for migrant populations via an onomastic approach—Lesson learned from the Austrian Immigrant Survey 2016. Survey Methods: Insights from the Field.
Rallu, J. L. (2008). One-way or both-ways migration surveys. In C. Bonifazi, M. Okólski, J. Schoorl, & P. Simon (Eds.), International migration in Europe: new trends and new methods of analysis (pp. 273–292). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Recchi, E., & Favell, A. (Eds.). (2009). Pioneers of European integration. Citizenship and mobility in the EU. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Reher, D., & Requena, M. (2009). The national immigrant survey of Spain: A new data source for migration studies in Europe. Demographic Research, 20, 253–278.
Sakshaug, J., Vicari, B., & Couper, M. P. (2019). Paper, E-mail, or both? Effects of contact mode on participation in a web survey of establishments. Social Science Computer Review, 37(6), 750–765.
Schnell, R. (2012). Survey-interviews: Methoden standardisierter Befragungen. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.
Schupp, J., Siegel, N. A., Erlinghagen, M., Stegmann, T., and Wagner, G. G.. (2008). Leben außer-halb Deutschlands—Eine Machbarkeitsstudie zur Realisierung von Auslandsbefragungen auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP). SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 120 (August 2008).
Smith, J. P., & Thomas, D. (2003). Remembrances of things past: Test-retest reliability of retrospective migration histories. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 166(1), 23–49.
Teruel, G., Rubalcava, L., & Arenas, E. (2012). Migration in the Mexican family life survey. In A. Cuecuecha & C. Pederzini (Eds.), Migration and remittances from Mexico: Trends, impacts, and new challenges (pp. 15–35). Lexington.
Tillé, Y. (2006). Sampling algorithms. New York: Springer.
Tjaden, J., Auer, D., & Laczko, F. (2019). Linking migration intentions with flows: Evidence and potential use. International Migration, 57(1), 36–57.
UN. (2019). International Migrant Stock 2019 (United Nations database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/ Rev.2019). New York: United Nations, Population Division.
van Dalen, H. P., & Henkens, K. (2007). Longing for the good life: Understanding emigration from a high-income country. Population and Development Review, 33(1), 37–65.
van Dalen, H. P., & Henkens, K. (2013). Explaining emigration intentions and behaviour in the Netherlands, 2005-10. Population Studies, 67(2), 225–241.
van Mol, C. (2014). Erasmus student mobility as a gateway to the international labour market? In J. Gerhards, S. Hans, & S. Carlson (Eds.), Globalisierung, Bildung und grenzüberschreitende Mobilität (pp. 295–314). Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
Wagner, G. G., Frick, J. R., & Schupp, J. (2007). The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP)—Evolution, scope and enhancements. Berlin: DIW Berlin/SOEP.
Weinar, A., & Klekowski von Koppenfels, A. (2019). Migration, mobility, integration, segrega-tion—Migrations within the Global North. International Migration, 57(3), 171–176.
Willekens, F., Zinn, S., & Leuchter, M. (2017). Emigration rates from sample surveys: An Application to Senegal. Demography, 54(6), 2159–2179.
Woodrow-Lafield, K. (1996). Emigration from the United States: Multiplicity survey evidence. Population Research and Policy Review, 15, 171–199.
Zabal, A. (2014). The challenge of meeting international data collection standards within national constraints: Some examples from the fieldwork for PIAAC in Germany. Methods, Data, Analyses, 8(2), 175–198.
